COMM 104 Lecture 8 Outline of Last LectureI. Influence of Greek on RhetoricII. What are the different types of rhetoric?III. What are Proofs?IV. The Five Canons of RhetoricOutline of Current LectureI. Putting Rhetoric into ContextII. What is kairos?III. What makes up the public?IV. How can audience analysis improve rhetoric?V. What are the effects of language on rhetoric?Current LectureI. It is important in public communication to remember the context in which you are speaking. As a speaker, you must be aware of the different factors that will influence listeners’ perspectives. Always remember the purpose of your communication and keep the focus on the important issues at hand. II. Kairos is a word that means timing. In public communication, it is vital that you use timing to your advantage. An ill-timed joke can go over very badly with an audience. A well timed, appropriate anecdote, however, can be extremely important in holding the attention of the receivers. III. In public communication, the public is considered to simply be the body of people to whom you are speaking. Three components of the public are:a. Public Sphere: this is common space in which information and ideas are shared b. Indirect Effect: the publicity of communication can change the topics that are discussed as well as the viewpoints that we choose to expressc. Address: this is simply a connection between the speaker and audience. Do the two have any common traits or past experiences? These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Audience analysis is a tool that is commonly used in public communication. The goal of this technique is to gain knowledge and insight about the receivers of a message. This is useful to create a message that will be meaningful and express ideas in a clearand concise manor. The first aspect of audience analysis is to gather demographics. These are basic facts about the audience such as age, race, gender, culture, etc. The situation in which you will be speaking is also important to find out ahead of time. Knowing the number of people to whom you will speak or the physical layout of a room can be very important. Lastly, you must be able to adapt to the type of environment that you will be communicating in. Use examples and logic that will fit the situation that you are presently speaking in. V. Language is one huge factor that can influence audience members. A speaker should choose his or her language very carefully and consider the implications that it may have. Problems involving language include problematic vagueness and problematic ambiguity. Vagueness occurs when a word or phrase does not have a concrete meaning. Ambiguity is when a word or phrase can have multiple definitions, which results in confusion. In order to resolve these issues you can clarify your intended meaning, “clarifying the intent”, or you can “negotiate the meaning” to figure out a more clear definition than the one the audience may have picked up on. Keep in mind that if a speaker introduces qualifications upfront and before any misunderstanding can occur, these issues should not arise. It can also be useful to stipulate meaning, or simply state outright the meaning that you are trying to