COMM 104 Lecture 11 Outline of Last LectureI. Types of LogosII. How do you determine if evidence is credible?III. Testing an ArgumentIV. Types of FallaciesOutline of Current LectureI. What is Pathos?II. What is the Range of Emotional Appeals?III. How can you make these emotional appeals?IV. FearV. GuiltVI. HumorCurrent LectureI. Pathos is the part of rhetoric that relies on the audience’s emotions to win an argument. It is based on the theory of bounded emotionality, which is the fact that people will act according to their emotions. Pathos is an important part of public communication because it can get the attention of listeners as well as be a powerful tool of persuasion. II. The Range of emotional appeals includes feelings of anger, guilt, humor, fear, love, patriotism, pride, etc. III. How Can We Make These Appeals?a. Use language that has an emotionally packed message behind it.b. Choose examples that have very strong imagery.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Make sure that when you are speaking, you remain sincere and expressive. Audiences can pick up on passion and it is in a speaker’s best interest to use it to their advantage. IV. Fear: can be used to give the audience a feeling of risk or vulnerability to risk. Fear is composed of severity and susceptibility. a. Parallel Process Model: model developed to predict the response to fear.Once a fear appeal is delivered, an audience will appraise the threat. If there is low severity or susceptibility, the audience will disregard the message. If severity and susceptibility is high, the audience will then evaluate efficacy. If there is high efficacy, the audience will participate in danger control (constructive). If there is low efficacy, the audience will use fear control (defensive). V. Guilt: this appeal uses norms that exist in the souls of the audience to violate those feelings and evoke a response. This can be feelings such as respect, loyalty, or helping others.VI. Humor: using joy or happiness to evoke a response in an audience. This is used especially as an attention getting tool, but could also be a distraction if there is too much or it is used at the wrong time. Humor tends to have more of a long term effect instead of an immediate effect.a. Sleeper effect: people remember humor in the long term because we like to dwell on things that are funny rather than