These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Lecture!4!Outline(of(Last(Lecture((I. What!Are!States!and!Traits?!II. Traits!in!Communication!III. Communication!Apprehension!IV. What!Causes!Communication!Apprehension?!V. Communication!Apprehension!Types!VI. What!Are!The!Effects!of!Communication!Apprehension?!Outline(of(Current(Lecture(I. Aggressive!Communication(a. Destructive!or!Constructive(b. Physical!or!Symbolic(II. Types!of!Aggressive!Traits!in!Communication(a. Assertive(b. Argumentative(III. Public!Communication!and!Argumentativeness(IV. Verbal!Aggressiveness(a. Forms!b. Causes!c. Effects!Current(Lecture(I. In!public!communication,!it!is!important!to!be!able!to!control!aggression.!Aggression,!in!many!forms,!can!often!occur!during!communication!and!has!been!studied!quite!closely!by!many!universities.!Aggression!can!be!constructive!or!destructive,!as!well!as!physical!or!symbolic.(a. Constructive!aggression!can!be!viewed!as!positive!in! communi cation .!It!can !improve!relationships!between!the!speaker!and!audience,!as!well!as!produce!satisfaction.!Destructive!aggression,!however,!can!serve!as!a!way!to!negatively!affect!the!relationship!between!a!speaker!and!the!intended!listeners.!(!!((((((COMM(104(! !b. Physical!aggression!occurs!when!behavioral!acts!serve!to!harm!someone.!This!can!be!pushing,!hitting,!pulling!hair,!etc.!Aggression!is!often!symbolic!in!nature,!though,!such!as!verbal!insults!or!jabs!and!nonverbal!expressions.!(II. There!are!two!types!of!constructive!aggression!traits!i n!commun icati on:!assertiveness!and!argumentativeness.!(a. Assertiveness!is!a!trait!that!is!expressed!when!an!indi vidu al!i s!forceful !or!dominant!interpersonally.!One!example!would!be!a!person!who!stands!up!for!themselves!and!takes!control!of!a!situation!between!peers!or!friends.!People!who!show!assertiveness!in!communication!are!often!thought!to!possess!competency.!(b. Argumentativeness!is!a!second!form!of!constructive!aggression.!This!involves!the!use!of!channels!to!damage!or!defeat!another!person’s!stance!on!a!topic!or!issue.!It!is!important!to!remember!that!the!verbal!or!nonverbal!channel!used!to!argue,!in!this!case,!is!only!used!to!defeat!the!other’s!position!and!not!the!person’s!actual!being.(III. There!are!benefits!to!argument!in!both!the!creation!and!delivery!of!messages.!When!creating!a!message,!an!argument!can!increase!curiosity!for!both!the!deliverer!and!receiver,!which!enhances!learning.!It!can!increase!creativity!in!the!speaker,!as!well!as!stimulate!the!acceptance!of!new!ideas!by!those!receiving!the!message.!!During!the!delivery!of!messages,!argumentativeness!can!make!a!speaker!less!likely!to!become!verbally!aggressive!and!more!communication!competent.!(IV. A!common!type!of!destructive!aggression!used!in!public!communication!is!verbal!aggression.!There!are!many!different!forms,!causes!and!effects!of!verbal!aggression.(a. Forms!of!verbal!aggression!include!profan ity,!insu lts,!and !attacks!on!ch aracter,!competence,!background,!and!physical!appearance.!(b. The!causes!of!verbal!aggression!can!include!socially!accepted!forms!of!attacks!learned!from!peers,!friends,!or!caregivers.!Verbal!aggression!can!also!be!caused!by!a!hatred!for!another!person!or!persons,!as!well!as!a!lack!of!argumentative!skill.!(c.
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