KIN 2501 TEST 3 NOTES SPORT AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL o There were a variety of sports intercollegiate contests and sports were student initiated o 1852 First Intercollegiate event Rowing Contest between Harvard and Yale Sponsored by the railroad so they could get people in the trains to see that it was a good way to travel o Ivy League schools were the only ones that were really involved in college athletics o 1859 Baseball Game between Amherst and Williams College The score was 73 32 o Sports teams were campus clubs There were not any teams or leagues that were officially sponsored by the university All sports were student initiated controlled and run o Baseball started as a recreational sport then was spread due to the civil war It then became a professional sport o 1895 Beginning of the NCAA o Sports originally began as an extracurricular activity because professors believed that you were in school for education and that playing sports was not worthwhile FOOTBALL A GAME FOR COLLEGE MEN o 1869 First college football game between Princeton and Rutgers Large teams emphasis on kicking and much more like soccer or rugby than like today s football o Private colleges in New England and 2 men changed the game Combination of soccer and rugby 25 on 25 players No touchdowns yet 1 point was scored for each ball kicked between the goal post Changed from a soccer focus to a rugby focus and was very rough o Walter Camp Father of American Football Innervations and rule changes that altered the game almost to how we play it today Line of Scrimmage W Camp proposed that the team with the ball retained possession and put the ball back into play by snapping it to a quarter back and the line of scrimmage The line of scrimmage changes as you advance the ball For rugby the ball was put back into play by throwing it and doing a scrum 11 players on a team Yards and Downs It used to be that you had 3 tries to move the ball 5 yards Today you have four tries to move the ball 10 yards Marking the field with yard lines Grid Iron Players must wear helmets o The All American team was selected by sports writers This validates the sport a little when you reward the best players THE POPULARITY AND PROBLEMS OF COLLEGE FOOTBALL o Play in the first 20 years was localized in private New England colleges o Harvard vs Yale was the first big rivalry because they were the football dynasties o 1894 Game became known as the Harvard Bloodbath because there were so many injuries o There were few rules about who could play or coach and the sport was very popular with a lot of spectators o Offensive strategy The Flying Wedge o There were a lot of people coming on to campus on game day and the schools didn t know how to deal with this They also did not know how to deal with students who were athletes in terms of eligibility and missing class They needed an administrative unit to organize sports that would be played to purchase equipment and to manage the games Coaches were hired as faculty as well as to coach teams o Eventually a collection of schools got together and formed a league There were rules put in place to govern college athletics FOOTBALL DRIVES COLLEGE SPORTS TO ORGANIZE o Faculty committees were formed to oversee athletics These committees looked at things like property damage injuries and gambling o League of IV 1st college athletic conference Consisted of Harvard Yale Columbia and Princeton o Conferences began forming rules for college athletics College athletics cannot compete against professional athletics This drew the line between college and professional sport Sports were run by universities and faculty instead of by students Eligibility to play you are limited to 4 years Must maintain academics to be eligible to play FOOTBALL SPREADS AND ADDRESSES VIOLENCE o By the late 1800 s football spread throughout the US o HBCU Historically black college and university o LSU was the last school to racially integrate o 1902 Rose Bowl Very first bowl game in Pasadena CA Michigan vs Stanford Michigan won 49 0 festival Game was abandoned until 1916 because it brought so much popularity to the rose o There were concerns about injuries and deaths of players among the fans Many faculty members wanted to ban college football President Theodore Roosevelt had a son who played football In 1906 he called a meeting of football schools and urged them to examine the sport He told them that they must take control of it Universities began to look at recruiting eligibility as well as started to pay their players This as the 1st time that the government intervened with athletics o 1910 60 Colleges meet and form the Intercollegiate Athletic Association FOOTBALL RULES COMMITTEE S SOLUTION TO REDUCE INJURIES o 1906 Meeting no provisions were made for enforcing rules Primary concern was about injuries and the solution was the forward pass of the ball o Amos Alonzo Stagg Attended Yale and studied religion to be a minister He also played several sports but excelled in Baseball and Football He worked as a coach at the YMCA in Springfield He was recruited to coach at the University of Chicago where he built a winning football program so the sport became very popular on campus and brought in lots of money He as a very good recruiter and was the reason that some rules were made He began national track and field meet that was held at the University of Chicago every year Because of this he was able to see the best track athletes and recruit them to play football Other universities saw this as illegal recruiting so there were rules created against it He created scrimmage games to get his team ready for the regular schedule and also used tackle dummies He put numbers on players jerseys so they were identifiable to the media built athletic dorms on campus came up with unique offensive strategies and used the hidden ball trick He was considered an innovator in making football a much more offensive sport o In the beginning there was no throwing of the ball but eventually the forward pass came about and they were allowed to throw the ball away from the line of scrimmage At the time the football was fat like a rugby ball so it was difficult to throw and catch which posed a problem The perception of throwing the ball was also sissy like They believed that you should be rough and tough and throw the ball o If a pass did not touch a player on either team it was a turnover An incomplete pass could be recovered by any player which was considered a fumble These