Exam 3 11 06 2014 Sport and Physical Activity in Modern America Part 2 o Sport at the College Level Intercollegiate contests o Didn t t feel like playing sports was worthwhile so it was up to o Rowing contest was the first intercollegiate event between the students to play Harvard and Yale o Railroad was now the new mode of transportation so they sponsored the event in hopes of getting people to use and ride on the railroad 1852 Variety of sports o Boxing golf tennis wrestling track and field Teams were campus clubs student initiated student controlled student run o Not sponsored by the school IMPORTANT Violence 1895 Beginnings of the NCAA o Football A game for college men Football originated in colleges unlike baseball that had its origins in adult recreation 1st ever football game Princeton vs Rutgers 1869 o Football starts more in the colleges while baseball was more recreational and spread through the Civil war o More like soccer rugby than today s FB o Large teams emphasis on kicking short punts No touchdowns yet You got one point for each ball kicked through the goal posts o Played 25 on 25 today you have 11 on 11 o Private colleges in New England and two men change the game From soccer style to more rugby style rougher ball now scored by carrying it over goal line or kicking it through o Walter Camp Father of American Football Player at yall and eventually coached at yale Rule changes and innovations that really changed the game in the direction of what it is today He did all of the following 11 players on a team and began naming positions Allowed tackling below the waist Prohibited use of arms while blocking Line of scrimmage Replaced the rugby scrummage with the line of scrimmage He proposed that the team with the ball puts the game back into play by snapping the ball from the line of scrimmage still today Yards and downs You have 3 tries to move the ball 5 yards o Today you have 4 tries to move the ball 10 yards Marking the field yard lines Where the term gridiron comes from Selecting All American team which gave legitimacy to the people that were playing and the effort they put out Selected by sports writers Made the players wear helmets o The popularity and Problems of College Football Play in first 20 years localized in private New England colleges Harvard vs Yale first big rivalry o Their game was known as the Hampton Yard Bloodbath o Harvard won 90 of their games and Yale won 93 of theirs o Considered the first football dynasties Violent game with many injuries o Started being called the Hampton something Bloodbath because of how violent it is Offensive strategy Flying wedge o They didn t throw the ball just run Popular lots of spectators o Lots of people started coming on to campuses on game days and the colleges really didn t know how to deal with that at first Few rules about who could play coach o Coaches started being hired as faculty and coached the teams So they actually taught classes too you don t see that at any big universities No rules about the athletes or really any rules at all Needed an athletic department to organize and control all of this equipment management planning Spread very quickly across universities o Is this large scale spectator athletics something colleges wanted o Is football too violent o Football drives college sports to organize In result to needing an athletic department conferences formed Faculty committees formed to oversee athletics o property damage injuries gambling control League of IV 1st college athletic conference o Columbia Yale Princeton Harvard Other conferences Big 10 1895 Midwest School Rules put into play to govern college athletics conferences started forming rules teams o One rule was that they could compete against professional Drawing line b w professional and amateur athletics o University faculty control Not student run anymore o Eligibility to play coach 4 years to play o Academic standards to play minimum requirements All started at Harvard they started forming management and brining people on for the needs of the sports o They had to become interested in the sports now o Football Spreads and Addresses Violence By late 1800s FB spread throughout the US dominated mainly by the schools in New England o Michigan dominate in Midwest Illinois Chicago California Texas A M LSU Tulane Ole Miss HBCUs Historically Black College and Universities Granbling In the South they had their own league LSU last to intergrade Rose Bowl 1902 o In Pasadena CA had a festival and decided to throw a football game in there the game was pretty boring and they were not expecting as many people to come as what showed up Michigan vs Stanford Michigan won 49 0 o They didn t t know how to handle how big the turnout and was not to excited so they abandoned the game until 1916 and then brought it back with two games with teams playing teams from across the country very competitive teams this time Lots of problems with not just football but college athletics in general lots of concerns with the amount of injuries and deaths occurring President Theodore Roosevelt o Had a son playing football at a college some of the faculty wanted to ban football because of the deaths and injuries o So in 1906 Roosevelt intervened and called a meeting of the schools and to look at college athletics and make some changes Institutional control o First time a president invited a sports group to the white house and the government was involved in athletics Still seen today with the enhancing drugs and problems Meeting of universities with FB 1906 o 60 colleges meet 1910 form Intercollegiate Athletic Assoc Later changed to the NCAA in 1910 Know it wasn t NCAA automatically it was formed from a smaller league Changed the rules made them stricter Changed scoring to award touchdowns rather than kicking o Football Rules Committee s Solution to Reduce Injuries 1906 meeting o Didn t make any provisions for enforcing the rules o Primary concern was doing something about the injuries and deaths Amos Alonzo Stagg o Attended Yale wanted to become a minister He played sports football and baseball while there and worked as a training coach at the YMCA in MA o He was recruited to come coach at the University of Chicago and he made it a winning program where it was nothing before o Recognized as an innovator of the game o He was a very good recruiter And did everything he could to make the rule book thicker He held a track and field event with some of the best athletes and then