Kin 2501 Exam 4 Final International Sports in the 20th Century Beginning of Modern Olympics 1896 1st Modern Olympics o Athens Greece o 7 or 8 countries o 7 events o Athletes traveled as individuals instead of teams run Olympic Games US team had 13 athletes mainly from Princeton track and field pistol shooting and swimming James Connelly won the first event triple jump US won all but two events in track and field o Pierre de Coubertin 20 years old Got a Greek philanthropist to donate about 360 000 to build a Successfully organized a festival in France stadium and help from the government President of the Olympic Committee o Derived from a story in Greek History Greeks defeated the Persians in a place called marathon solider was to run the news the Athens which was about 25 miles away he died after the run o Spiridon Louis won the first event thousands had lined the streets to 1st Marathon Creation of International Sport Federations World championships in weight lifting tennis ice hockey Far Eastern Games YMCA put these on to make it international Davis Cup Tennis Tour de France cycling The Movement Years 1900 1904 1908 o First two games were considered fiascos not well attended etc o Games lasted 5 months and were in combination with other festivals o About 1100 athletes o Political agendas pop up Paris 1900 St Louis US 1904 o No international movement a lot of people stayed away from the US o About half the size of participation than in Paris o Women could participate Interim Games 1906 London 1908 o Held in honor of the 10 year anniversary o Finland was part of Russian empire and Ireland was part of British empire wanted to appear under their own flag so they formed an international federation for the sports provided for some rules o Marathon distance was changed from 25 miles to 26 2 miles because the King of England wanted the marathon route to go in front of the palace Stockholm 1912 o About 2000 participants growing interest o Jim Thorpe Native American very important athlete at the turn of the century Wa Tho Huk Indian name bright path from Penn went to boarding school for Indian children Carlisle elementary though college Pop Warner football coach at Carlisle left Carlisle to play minor league baseball then came back to play football where he was named an All American King of Sweden told him he was the most talented athlete in the world played professional football US Olympic committee stripped him of his medals because they didn t consider him an amateur athlete because he played minor league baseball After he died one of his children Grace battled with the US Olympic Committee and they returned his medals to the family most recognized athlete at the games father was alcoholic o Introduction of modern pentathlon different than today cross country riding horse fencing pistol shooting swim cross country road race athlete was recognized at the best athlete at the games held over one day o Olympic games cancelled because they were scheduled for Berlin o Competitions in 24 sports in the Inter allied games USA French initiative o 1500 athletes from 15 countries WWI 1916 Post WWI 1918 Belgium 1920 of WWI o Germany and its allies were denied access to these Olympics because o Damage from the war more primitive than the last games in recovery mode couldn t build stadiums etc o The Olympic Flag 5 rings flown for the first time approved in 1914 o Oath was taken by a representative of the participants one athlete would take an oath for the rest of his team fair play etc probably came as a result of Jim Thorpe o de Coubertin requested the games be held in Paris because he was Paris 1924 about to retire o More than 3000 athletes Introduction of the Winter Olympics o First one held in France o No German Athletes participated because the French strongly hinted that they would not be able to guarantee the safety of the German athletes so they decided not to attend Amsterdam1928 Los Angeles 1932 o Participation of female athletes in 5 track and field events o Europe still the center of international sports o Only 1300 athletes attended o Photo finish cameras and automatic timing devices Berlin 1936 o German government used the games to demonstrate the supremacy of the German government and Arian race o Many countries started a boycott movement o US decided that the would not boycott o Torch relay carries torch from ancient site in Greece to the opening ceremony official opening Other Regional Games 1926 Central American Games 1834 Western Asian Games 1930 British Empire Games 1932 Jewish Olympics Jesse Owens Born in 1913 in Alabama one of 12 children His family moved to Cleveland Ohio in the early 1920 s Elementary school teacher misunderstood him and called him Jesse instead of J C James Cleveland In junior high he began organized sport mainly basketball and track In 1930 he was in high school and accomplishing many feats on the track but not a single black college made an attempt to recruit him so he wound up at Ohio State in the fall 1933 o On campus housing was barred for blacks o Only one movie theater was accessible upstairs o No university restaurants would serve them In May 1935 at the National Intercollegiate Meet in Michigan he broke three world records and tied another o The most superlative feat ever accomplished in the history of the sport In July 1936 Owens and his teammates sailed to Germany Mobbed by autograph seekers Hitler s snub Long jump attempts and help from rival o Scratched in first two attempts for stepping over the line rival from Great Britain went to him and said you re you best here so just jump before the board and you ll still beat everyone he did it and won o Avery Brundage expelled John Carlos and Tommie Smith from Mexico Jewish runners not allowed to run in the US relay Owens won four gold medals in 1936 Olympic Games International Sports and the Cold War Politics influenced who was allowed to enter the games Presidents of the IOC had political agendas Battle to protect amateurism Soviet Union had state amateurs Avery Brundage 1952 1972 Strongly believed in the maintenance of strict amateur rules Held idealistic view about separation of sports and politics 1968 Olympics Mexico City 1972 Olympics Munich o Arab terrorists killed Israeli athletes Commercialism and the Games 1984 Los Angeles Games o Very Successful Monitarily o Permanent sponsorships o Television revenues 300 million o Team sponsorship Increase the size of the games 1900 s stagger the summer