10 23 2014 KIN 2501 EXAM 3 Sport at the College Level Intercollegiate contests Variety of sports Student initiated Violence 1895 Beginnings of the NCAA Football A Game for College Men It was more like soccer rugby than today s football 1st ever football game was Princeton vs Rutgers in 1869 Large teams emphasis was on kicking Private colleges in New England and 2 men change the game Walter Camp Father of American Football 11 players on a team Line of scrimmage Yards and downs Marking the field Selecting All American team The Popularity and Problems of College Football Play in first 20 years localized private New England colleges Harvard vs Yale was the first big rivalry Violent game with many injuries Popular lots of spectators Few rules about who could play coach Is this large scale spectator athletics something colleges wanted Is football too violent Football Drives College Sports to Organize 1 Faculty committees formed to oversee athletics o Property damage o Gambling o Injuries o Control 2 League of IV 1st college athletic conference o Other conferences 3 Rules put into play to govern college athletics o University faculty control o Eligibility to play coach o Academic standards to play Football Spreads and Addresses Violence By late 1800s football spread throughout the United States o Michigan Illinois Chicago California Texas A M LSU Tulane Ole Miss HBCUs Rose Bowl 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt Meeting of universities with football 1906 60 colleges meet 1910 form Intercollegiate Athletic Association Football Rules Committee s Solution to Reduce Injuries 1906 meeting Amos Alonzo Stagg Forward pass However passing was not used as much because Football was fat hard to throw Rules made it a high risk play Tennis Mary Outerbridge French called it tenez and played indoors James Dwight English referred to it as real tennis or court tennis brought it outdoors changed the court dimensions Eventually Mary Outerbridge brought the sport to America in 1874 Beginning of Modern Olympics 1896 1st modern Olympics 1st marathon Jim Thorpe Wa Tho Huk translated to bright path Physical activity programs in the schools By 1900 public institutions for boys and girls were established German immigrants Turnverein Jahn Charles Follen Harvard first gym Charles Beck Round Hill school Francis Lieber Boston Gymnasium first swimming pool The Beginning of Sport and Fitness in the US 1 German Immigrants take the lead The start of school Physical Education Round Hill School Northampton MA 1823 Fitness based rationale Charles Beck hired to teach Latin gymnastics The emergence of Turner Societies German immigrants in Mass And NY bring gymnastics volksturnen to the US from exercise groups Gymnastics in colleges and public gymnasiums Charles Follen Follower of Jahn and friend of Beck Hired to teach German at Harvard Open turnplatz there introduces German Gymnastics to Harvard students Boston opens first public gymnasium in US hires Follen to run it 2 Muscular Christianity emerges as first fitness rationale Catharine Beecher o Teacher at colleges for women female seminaries o Teaches her students calisthenics o Promotes exercise for women o Connects exercise to religious responsibility YMCA o YMCA opens in cities o Appeal to youth through sport and exercise o Mind body spirit motto o Through exercise and sport youth can learn values and hear the Christian word 3 Physicians lead college PE programs School based PE and YMCA programs create PE fitness careers Dio Lewis homeopathic physician o Public speaker fitness promoter exercise leader o Exercise classes using beanbags dumbbells calisthenics o 1861 Opens Boston Normal Institute for PE Boston preparation of PE teachers Amherst College MA o Department of Hygiene and Physical Education o Edward Hitchcock MD as first faculty member Battle of the Systems Dio Lewis new gymnastics German system Jahn Swedish system Pehr Ling Edward Hitchcock Amherst College Dudley Sargent Harvard Hemenway gymnasium Luther Gulick Muscular Christianity The American System Economic technological and sociological events The quest for the good life Civil rights human rights Required physical education Community sports program President Theodore Roosevelt Pragmatism play was a part of the democratic process New physical education stressed the whole individual rather than just a healthy body Teacher training programs Research in the field A Changing Society Factors affecting the American system o Conflicting philosophies o Societal changes Purpose of physical education activity o Train and develop the body o Education for leisure Racial Barriers Early 1900 s boxing horseracing Negro leagues 1946 Branch Richey Jackie Robinson Civil Rights Movement 1968 Mexico Olympics Youth Sport Programs Educators religious leaders supports health and social values YMCA s Boys Club Pee Wee leagues Gender Equity Disabilities Title IX 1972 no person could be excluded from any program receiving federal money Coed PE classes PL 94 142 1975 PE made available to every child regardless of disability Amateur Sports Act 1978 USOC create programs for disabled Women in Sport Victorian attitudes Physical concerns Popular sports The End of the Century Physical Education on the decline Relevancy and value Physical Education and athletics Is sport a reflection of society or is society a reflection of sport Image of athletics professional amateur Baseball Babe Ruth American Icon Baseball National pastime Timing Black Sox Scandal o 1919 World Series o Chicago White Sox fix series o Tarnishes baseball s image o Solution Commissioner Kennesaw Mountain Landis Ruth changes the game o Strategy excitement fan base Ruth is America s first and largest media darling becomes the face of his sport and a symbol of America He plays for one of the most significant sports dynasties Negro League Baseball 1920 Andrew Rube Foster helps organize National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs All Star Game becomes a main attraction Negro All Star Teams play exhibitions against MLB teams and notable players Pittsburgh Crawfords Homestead Grays Birmingham Barons Indianapolis Clowns Josh Gibson Cool Papa Bell Satchell Paige 10 23 2014 10 23 2014