Kinesiology 2501 Fall 2014 Dee Jacobsen o Sport and Physical Activity in Modern America Exam 2 o Major Themes for Exam 2 o The Good Life o People traveled to America for a good life o Economic and religious reasons o Contributions of other countries o Look at cultural diversity that is the US We have different cultures beliefs and languages o Perceived value guiding daily lives o Takes on an ethical value in terms of being extremely important o Physical activity shaping everyday life physically and mentally o Social Organization o Stratification of social classes Seen in sports Ex baseball MLB minor leagues o Technology industrial revolution o Not technology as we know it today o All about immigration and urbanization This effects sports o Changing concept of sport and physical education o Change in rules and philosophy o Overview of US History o 1500 s Discovery of the New World o 1600 s Settling in the New World o 1700 s Colonies fight for independence expansion o 1800 s Era of Good Feeling o European Influences Colonial Era 1607 1783 o Massachusetts sports o Native Americans played sports love for their pastime of o Puritan work ethic and religion Prohibited sporting activities Sledding football dancing swimming ninepins shuffleboard survival Did not believe in idle play means for Game called pulling the goose They would take the live goose and a man would ride full speed on a horse trying to pull the head off the goose that was loosely tied by a rope in between 2 buildings or trees o They eventually used dead geese Strong desire to set up schools Boston Latin school first public school for children in the US First university in the US Harvard No Sunday amusements Games for children had moral teachings Taverns were a major social center o New York New Amsterdam o People came to NY with a strong commercial spirit looking for wealth o Good food drink and gambling o Bowling ninepins tennis cricket horseracing ice skating o Had strong family and community values as well as for frugality and diligence Needs balance between work and play o Pennsylvania o People came searching for religious freedom o Quakers Society of Friends William Penn Banned all pastimes and amusements Strong religious overture Immigrants flocked to Philadelphia as it grew in size some sports grew acceptable o Territory had settlers from different European countries Sweden Germany France Scotland Ireland o Peace loving Ice skating swimming hunting and fish The art of swimming rendered easy book he wrote o Southern Colonies o Virginia Economic opportunity rather than for religious freedom Strongly influenced by the English Tobacco main crop 1619 African slaves provided labor Physical activity embraced Foxhunting horse racing golf lawn bowling and dancing o Taverns o The social center of town Meeting socializing entertainment and diversion from work o Nationalism starts to develop o Provides an education for more children o Animal baiting cockfighting billiards darts dice were popular o Betting o Two tavern games Club the Cat Barrel o Early Education 1647 o Elementary No PE activity few girls o Secondary school Latin grammar school Prepared men for the ministry or law No girls o Harvard College higher education 1st Academy founded by Franklin 1749 Included physical activity Lifelong practical skills Academic subjects Physical activity proponent of swimming Running leaping wrestling o America 1800 to 1860 o American Revolution War of 1812 to Civil War o The Era of Good Feelings o Establishment of a government LA purchase Immigration o Migration to the west Less industry and more farming Less education and more manual labor It wasn t until later when physical education moved west o Development of the telegraph railroad and steamboats o Development of slavery controversy o Combination of city and frontier life Moved outside industrialized cities o Some leisure time o America by1840 o 133 towns had more than 2500 people o Commercial centers and industrial cities o This was a lot of people in these small towns o 26 states belonged to the union o 5 cities were the commercial and social centers o Boston New York Philadelphia Baltimore Charleston o 12 million immigrants Irish German Africa o Being blended into our nation o How we began to see leisure and recreational activity and sport o Early Development in Organized Sport o Expansion of America o Industrialization of United States o Decline of Puritan Orthodoxy o Puritans banned sports there was concerned about work ethic no leisure time o Now sport leisure activities and recreation come into play o English amateur sport movement o Contributions of powerful individuals o Not just in sport but in physical education o Invention of basketball and volleyball o 1891 Basketball James Naismith o Spring Hill College o 1895 Volleyball William Morgan o YMCA o Serious Sport field football o Horse Racing o Horseracing boxing rowing yacht racing baseball track and o Harvard and Yale held their very first intercollegiate contest o Sport in the Early 1800s Beginning of Organized Sport in the US o Popular in established cities o Gambling made it controversial Mainly in the north Perception of fixed or thrown races o Banned in many northern cities for about 10 years o Became more popular in the south Rich horse owners Famous with the president Slave jockeys trainers Importing breeding training of horses for racing Jockeys were primarily slaves Slaves groomed trained and rode the horses Did not keep prizes The Jockey Club Began to ban black jockeys from the sport Rich white men started this o Most Important Race of the Colonial Era Set up by Virginia plantation owner William Byrd Loved to gamble and show off his wealth Byrd issued a challenge and offered 500 Spanish pistoles as a purse roughly the cost of furnishing a mansion or purchasing 12 slaves The race was won by Selima a horse purchased from English royalty and later considered a ringer Many of her later offspring would be great champions and for the next 50 years bloodlines that could be traced to Selima were noteworthy o 1802 stadium built for racing o Harness racing Most popular in attendance in the 1830s o Boxing in the Early 1800s o Perceived by upper class as brutal o Very popular in the south o Bare knuckle few rules o Traveling Professionals o Slaves Matches staged by slave owners Tom Molyneaux from Virginia Fought for his freedom boxing Granted freedom fought in the US and Europe 15 or 16 Fought British Champ Tom Cribb