Personality Personality a characteristic pattern in individual behavior o Persona mask o Is personality inherent or situational Why do we need personality theories o Provide conceptual framework structure for actions o Allows reasonable predictions for behavior o Offers opportunities for research evaluate new ideas Hippocrates there are 4 types of people oldest personality theory o Choleric irritable too much yellow bile o Melancholic depressed too much black bile o Sanguine happy too much blood o Plegmatic calm too much phlegm William Sheldon there are correlations between body types and personality types o 3 different body types Endomorphic heavy flabby Mesomorphic muscular Ectomorphic skinny boney o 3 different personality types Viscerotonic happy Cerebrotonic studious quiet Somatotonic competitive Sigmund Freud o He was good friends with Josef Breur and one day one of Breur s patients Bertha Pappenheim said he was her baby daddy Breur went to Freud for help Freud invented psychoanalysis to analyze the woman and get to the root of her misplaced anger hatred of Breur He proved Breur innocent o Advocated cocaine as psychological help until it killed someone o Came to the conclusion that the unconscious controls behavior during sleep Freud s theory there is structure components and stages of development when it comes to a human s personality o Structure Unconscious biggest Conscious Preconscious o Components ID operates by pleasure principle strives for immediate satisfaction Ego operates by reality principle develops social skills to satisfy the ID attributes to maturation and learning Superego conscience develops morality being good makes you feel good o Stages of development different parts of your body get pleasure from being stimulated at different times in your life these are known as errogynous zones too little stimulation fixation and inability to move on to the next stage Oral Stage Anal Stage 2y when you potty train Phallic Stage sexuality develops attention towards opposite sex in home father mother Oedipus complex young boys want to kill their father and possess their mother Electra complex young girls want to kill their mother and possess their father Latency Stage trying to please parents by following rules develops superego Genital Stage 15y puberty conflict between the ID wants sex and society demands abstinence superego suppresses sexual desires Freud s Dream o Freud dreamt that his grandfather was laying in his mother s bed and was surrounded by birds He interpreted this in two ways Manifest surface meaning the bird heads resembled Egyptian gods of death so he feared his mother would die Latent deep meaning his sexual anxiety wanted the death of his father so he could possess his mother Assessment of personality there are many ways to determine a person s personality type o Rorschach test analyzing ink blots o Graphology handwriting analysis o Interview Structured asking many people the same questions to get cross comparisons Unstructured asking any questions and changing them depending on the person Inventory o Inventories questionnaires MMPI Minnesota Multiphase Personality o Thematic Apperception test analyzing your opinion about what is going on in a situation as a third party observer