PSY Exam 2 1 Sociobiologists E O Wilson Richard Dawkins Desmond Morris 2 Assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle a baby s response of shaking a rattle is reinforced according to a variable interval schedule Fixed ratio a reward is given every X times something happens Variable ratio a reward is given randomly after something Fixed interval a reward is given after a certain amount of time Variable interval a reward is given after a random amount of happens slot machine is passed time is passed 3 Assimilation according to Piaget fitting items into the schema 4 According to Desmond Morris what is considered sexy is dependent on culture 5 Evolutionary theory predicts that women should place more emphasis than men on ambition intelligence and social status and NOT on physical attractiveness 6 Mort actually has a favorable attitude toward women in general but he doesn t hire any women because his boss has told him not to consider women for any open positions Mort is showing discrimination but not prejudice 7 Carrying a baby in the left arm is more soothing for the child because he she can hear the heartbeat while in the left arm 8 The term tablua rasa refers to empty slate in Latin 9 Short term memory can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20 seconds is the second component of the memory system and through rehearsal it can be stored indefinitely but the capacity is NOT limited to 30 items of information Carmella has a negative attitude toward most lawyers because she has often heard her parents speak poorly of lawyers in general this attitude is developed through the process of observational learning the strength of the conditioned response The dependent variable in a classical conditioning experiment is Conditioned response learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning dog salivating Bowlby s attachment theory essentially states that there is an Theory infants emit behaviors reflexes that triggers protective innate propensity to be attached 11 12 10 response from adults important for survival 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 The case of Susie illustrates that behavior may be modified with appropriate reinforcement Who would be most likely to say there is no such thing as free will everything is a response predicted by reward and punishment B F Skinner Among Cialdini s compliance strategies social proof refers to you will imitate others Weapons of influence reciprocity commitment social proof liking authority scarcity The fact that children in different cultures vary somewhat in the age at which basic motor skills appear demonstrates that environmental factors can slow or accelerate early motor development Loud noises painful stimuli and unusual patterns for stimulation produce an innate fear reaction but a white rat does NOT John Bolwby s contribution to psychology is aligned with the work of Harry Marlow According to Bowlby parents and their infants become attached to one another because infants and adults are biologically programmed for mutual attachment In the Watson and Rayner experiment on conditioned emotional responses Little Albert could be expected to evidence a fear response to all of the following except a baseball hat Dave is thrown from his motorcycle and suffers a severe blow to the head resulting in loss of memory for events that occurred before the accident this is an example of retrograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia can t remember what happened the night before mild or can t remember anything that happened before severe When a member of an ethnic minority is successful people are The memory model which Sherlock Holmes would have accepted If you try to remember something but cannot yet know the least likely to attribute that success to ability of intelligence is most aptly described as an attic information is in memory you are experiencing the tip of the tongue phenomenon Going along with a group even though you know that the group is wrong is referred to as normative conformity According to Desmond Morris what is attractive depends on fecundity culture and health and NOT on intelligence Anastasia always seems to become involved in volatile love relationships she constantly expects to be rejected and she is extremely jealous in her relationships Hazan and Shaver would suggest that Anastasia most likely developed an anxious ambivalent attachment with her parents during infancy Anxious ambivalent attachment appear uncomfortable with caregiver protest excessively when she leaves not comforted upon return At six to eight months an infant typically first exhibits separation anxiety To change one s attitude you might want to bring in an expert use the media and use fear logic The placenta is the structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the mother to the fetus Fixed interval results in a scalloping effect A semantic code is a memory code that emphasizes the meaning of verbal input General knowledge stored undated ex Gettysburg Address Eric has joined a new fraternity based on the research by Krebs and Denton if the other fraternity members now consider Eric as part of their ingroup they are more likely to view him in a generally positive light Wax most closely resembles Plato s idea of memory formation According to sociobiologists the egg came first In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses the unconditioned stimulus was the loud noise Unconditioned stimulus stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous learning The Solomon and Asch experiment about the role of peer pressure in estimating line length illustrates that a subject will often yield to the group influence in estimating line length Learning by insight in which an individual utilizes an ability to think things through using mental maps is most closely associated with Tolman The stage of concrete operations is said to be concrete because children can perform operations only on tangible objects and actual events specific neural pathway is referred to as long term potentiation period of time is sensory memory months through birth is referred to as the fetal stage The long lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses of a The type of memory where information is stored for the shortest The third stage of prenatal development which lasts from two A schema is an organized general knowledge structure Elaine Morgan is best know about her aquatic ape theory The continued presentation of the