PSY 205 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last LectureI. BiopsychologyA. DefinitionB. Rene DescartesC. Julien Offray de la MettrieII. The Role of ElectricityIII. The Nervous SystemA. Chemical TransmissionB. Building Blocksi. Types of NeuronsC. The SynapseD. Neurotransmitter SubstancesE. Functional Neuro-anatomyIV. The Central Nervous SystemA. HindbrainB. MidbrainC. ForebrainOutline of Current LectureI. Sensory CommunicationII. The Receptor CellsIII. The Nature of InformationA. What do we “see”?IV. The EyeA. Parts of the eyeB. PerceptionV. Are Cells Modifiable?Current LectureI. Sensory Communication- The brain communicating with your senses- The Phantom Limb- the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body and is moving with other body parts - The model of sensory communication:o Energytransducerencodingdecodingo Stimulusreceptorneuronbraino Electromagnetic waveeyeoptic nerveoccipital lobeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. The Receptor Cells- Resting potential = receptor potential- Action potential = generator potential- ReceptorNeuronBrain- Receptor cell membrane: differential sensitivityIII. The Nature of Information- What gives rise to:o Intensity- frequency and relative frequency of nerve activityo Quality- anatomical encoding (specific energies) hear the light and see thesound (synesthesia)- What do we “see”?o Electromagnetic waveeyeoptic nerveoccipital lobe Visible light wavelength Spectrum:- Gamma rays- X rays- Ultraviolet- Visible light- Infrared- Microwaves- Radio wavesIV. The Eye- Iris (pigmentation)- Pupil- light enters and size is dependent on light- Sclera- maintains structure and fluid- 2 types of receptors:1. Rod (peripheral)2. Cone (in middle of eye)- Visual phenomenao Rods are more sensitiveo Cones are more accurate 130m receptors vs. 1m fibers- Visual encodingo Optic chiasmo Thalamus (left and right lateral geniculate nuclei)o Visual cortex in occipital lobe- Perceptiono The is more to seeing than meets the eyeo Contribution of Gestalt Psychologyo Innate perceptual organization Figure-ground segregationo Gestalt contributions: Innate factors: perceptual grouping- Symmetry- Similarity- Proximity- Closure- Smoothness- Subjective contourso Learned factors: Acquired visual cues- Linear perspective- Texture gradient- Interposition- Size- Brightness- The Muller-Lyer illusion Personal experience- Ames’ room (looks like a room but isn’t) CultureV. Are Cells Modifiable?- Plasticity due to sensory deprivationo Plasticity refers to the brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of an experience- Max Von Senden’s patients- Debbie, Cora, and Ladd- Ivo Kohler- Blakemore and Coopero Took kittens and split their litters in half to live in different conditions (horizontal vs. vertical lines)o Experience matterso Deprivation affects development of