PSY 205 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last LectureI. Social PsychologyII. SociobiologyIII. StereotypingIV. AttitudesV. Social InfluenceOutline of Current LectureI. DevelopmentA. Types of DevelopmentII. Prenatal DevelopmentIII. Motor DevelopmentIV. Intellectual DevelopmentA. The EmpiricistsB. The NativistsV. Information Processing TheoryVI. Social DevelopmentA. John BowlbyB. Henry Harlow VII. Moral DevelopmentA. Lawrence KohlbergB. Carol GilliganCurrent LectureI. Development (changes over time)- Types of development for studyo Prenatal, child, adolescent, adult, older adults Sensory-motor Intellectual (cognitive) Social MoralII. Prenatal Development- Zygote 0-2 weeks- Embryo 0-2 monthsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Fetus 2-9 months- Voice, taste, noise- NeonateIII. Motor Development- Rodents: many offspring, retarded sensory and motor development- More advanced mammals: few offspring, advanced sensory and motor development- Humans: few offspring, retarded sensory and motor development- Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002)o The early birth hypothesis- Elaine Morgano The aquatic ape hypothesisIV. Intellectual Development- The Empiricistso John Lockeo The “Tabula Rasa” hypothesiso Implication for education- The Nativistso Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Stage Theory:- Sensory-motor stage (0-2) objective permanence- Preoperational stage (2-7) egocentrism- Concrete operational stage (7-11) conservation- Formal operational stage (11-on) o Abstract thinkingo Schema=cognitive structureso Assimilation (fitting into schema)o Accommodation (changing schema)o Eleanor Gibson (1910-2002) Differentiation hypothesis Affordance The visual cliff experimentV. Information Processing Theory- The Chi Experiment:o Expert chess players vs. novice Young and old- Implication: early development of expertise- Relevant for educationVI. Social Development- John Bowlby (1907-1990)o Attachment theoryo Propensity to be attachedo Separation anxiety- Henry Harlow (1906-1981)o Harlow’s monkeyso Contact comforto Enriched environmento Appropriate peer groupo Appropriate toys (mastery, competency)VII. Moral Development- Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)o Stage theory: Pre-conventional1. Obedience2. Own interest Conventional1. Good boy/girl2. Law and Order Post-conventional1. Social contract2. Conscience- Carol Gilligano Stage theory: Selfishness Goodness Hurt no one but be