PSY 205 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last LectureI. ConsciousnessII. The Study of ConsciousnessA. ComaB. SleepIII. The Electro-Encephalo-Graph (EEG)IV. Altered States of ConsciousnessV. PsychopharmacologyA. Classes of Psychoactive DrugsOutline of Current LectureI. LearningII. Classical ConditioningA. ProcessesIII. Operant ConditioningIV. ReinforcementA. PositiveB. NegativeV. PunishmentA. PositiveB. NegativeCurrent LectureI. Learning- A long term change in behavior that is the result of an experience- James Olds believed that the self stimulates because there is a reward pathway to the brain (humans do something for some sort of reward)II. Classical Conditioning- Involved Ivan Pavlov and his dogs- Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)- stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning- Unconditioned response (UCR)- unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning (a natural reaction)- Conditioned stimulus (CS)- previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response- Conditioned response (CR)- learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioningThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Processes:o Acquisition- initial stage of learning something o Extinction gradual weakening or disappearance of a CRo Spontaneous recovery- reappearance of an extinguished CRo Generalization- exhibiting a CR to new stimuli that are similar to CS Watson’s experiment “Little Albert”a. Fear LearningIII. Operant Conditioning- Operant Conditioning- learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences- B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)- reinforcemento A response is strengthened because it leads to rewarding consequenceso “Beyond Freedom and Dignity”- Processes:o Acquisition Shaping: reinforcement of closer approximations of a desired responseo Extinction: disappearance of a response tendency because response is no longer followed by reinforcerso Generalization and DiscriminationIV. Reinforcement- Positive- strengthened response following the presentation of a rewarding stimulus- Negative- strengthened response following the removal of an unpleasant stimulus V. Punishment- Positive- weakened response following the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus- Negative- weakened response following the removal of a