PSY 205 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last LectureI. Sensory CommunicationII. The Receptor CellsIII. The Nature of InformationA. What do we “see”?IV. The EyeA. Parts of the eyeB. PerceptionV. Are Cells Modifiable?Outline of Current LectureI. ConsciousnessII. The Study of ConsciousnessA. ComaB. SleepIII. The Electro-Encephalo-Graph (EEG)IV. Altered States of ConsciousnessV. PsychopharmacologyA. Classes of Psychoactive DrugsCurrent LectureI. Consciousness- Consciousness is the awareness of internal and external stimuli- It includes four parts:o Awareness of external eventso Awareness of internal sensationso Awareness of the self as the unique being experiencing these eventso Awareness of thoughts about the experiences- Evolutionary emergence- Montignal (first indication of consciousness)- Lascaux Caves- Julian Jaynes (bicameral mind)- The Iliad (Homer 800 B.C.)- John R. Searleo Consciousness is the emergent property of the brainII. The Study of Consciousness- Study the conditions when it is altered or absentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Coma Where is the neural control? Frederic Bremer- Cerveau isole (above the pons)- Encephale isole (below the pons) ARAS (ascending reticular activating system)- Seat of consciousnesso Sleep Circadian rhythms Circadian pace makers- The suprachiasmatic nucleus is responsible for length of cycle- The Pineal Gland: melatonin- Maximal release between 21:00 and 7:00o Taken at the evening local time reduces jetlag effects Michael Jouvet (two types of sleep)- Slow wave sleepo Immune responseo Growth hormone- REM sleepo Consolidationo Appetiteo Structural maturationIII. The Electro-Encephalo-Graph (EEG)- Hans Berger- Beta Waves- aroused/alertness- Alpha Waves- relaxed wakefulness (relaxing)- Theta Waves- sleeping- Delta Waves- high voltage, low frequency (deep sleep)- REM Waves- paradoxical sleep- Sleep Cycleso Awakeo REMo 4 CyclesIV. Altered States of Consciousness- Historyo Animalso Mushroomso Alcoholo Marijuanao Opiumo Birth of psychopharmacology (science of studying the affects of drugs)V. Psychopharmacology- Pharmakon: cure or poison- There has been a decrease in patients in mental hospitals following antipsychotic drug use- Classes of Psychoactive Drugs:o Stimulants (amphetamine)o Sedatives (barbiturate)o Anxiolytic (diazepam)o Antipsychotic (chlorpromazine)o Antidepressant (fluoxetine)o Opiates (morphine)o Hallucinogens