PSY Exam 1 Chapters 1 5 psyche soul mind logos speech study o Scientific study of behavior of living organisms o Idealism Chapter 1 2 o Psychology said sensations are not the source of knowledge the mind is o Plato itch in that toe even though it is no longer there and experience example if your toe got cut off you could still feel an knowledge must come through sensations to enter the mind knowledge should be acquired through observation the study of how physical stimuli are translated into o Psychophysics o Empiricism o Aristotle psychological experience o Structuralism o Wilhelm Wundt o Mind body problem study the structure of the mind personal experiences are not equal to to learn how the mind is put together psychological experiences from Germany ask the subject to reflect on a stimulus used by structuralists to examine the component parts of consciousness o Goal of psychology o Introspection o Opened a psychology school in Leipzig Germany o Edward Titchener o Edward Thorndike associationist it must be like a mental chemistry a maze for chickens Puzzle box said that if psychology becomes a science set up a lab and created locked a cat in a box and put a fish outside of the box the cat accidentally hit the latch and goes out of the box and eats the fish the cat gets put back in and does it faster and faster each time law of effect had a dog and a bell would ring the bell and then give the dog food after a while the bell elicited the same response as food which was salivation classical conditioning o Ivan Pavlov associationist study what the mind does how the mind works o Functionalism o Behaviorism o William James said that the goal of psych was to study the function of the mind purpose of consciousness founded the functionalist movement o John Watson and observe o Gestalt psychology said behavior is the only thing you can measure in order to see a brick wall as a brick wall you must put many pieces together in 1 experience the mind is not an organ o Psychoanalysis o Sigmund Freud o Max Wertheimer neon lights move and give you the deals with the unconscious experiences one has impression that things are moving phi phenomenon another example is when people do the wave that there is something responsible in the early childhood experience that is responsible for some problems you may have tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or created the Psychoanalytic School and said largest field in psychology o Clinical psychology o Hypothesis more variables o Theory observations o Independent variable manipulates in order to see its impact on another variable system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of the condition or event that an experimenter Chapter 3 a thinker I think therefore I am known to regulate your emotions memory and statues able to move by pumping water interaction of body and soul pumps fluid into the nerve o Rene Descartes o Cartesian hydromechanics into their arms o Pineal gland vessels which allow movement to occur o Limbic system motivation o Reticular formation in sleep and wakefulness o Julien Offrey de la Mettrie enlightened machine to understand the mind study the brain o Luigi Galvani o The nervous system consist of individual cells Santiago Cajal and Camillo Golgi shared the Nobel prize for this discovery location in your temporal lobe enables you to o Wernicke s area understand speech and language showed the chemical nature of neural transmission o Otto Loewi o Building blocks of the nervous system the brain structure which is primarily implicated physicist said electricity moves muscles the soul must be the brain the o Neuron nerve cell sends messages to the brain sends messages to activate muscles sends messages to interconnect senses put a frog heart in a solution and it Sensory neuron Motor neuron Inter neuron Loewi experiment continued to beat normally with the nerves attached a brief upward spike in a neuron s Action potential electrical charge that travels along the axon and therefore causes the neuron to fire o Divisions of the nervous system junction gets excited travels and releases o Synapse o Neurotransmitters chemicals site at which 2 neurons communicate with each other Noradrenaline NA Acetylcholine Ach 1st neurotransmitter substance released at the heart every muscle moved consciously uses Ach if you have no Ach in your body you are paralyzed 1st neurotransmitter substance released at the liver determines how much energy you have linked to mental illness Dopamine DA with schizophrenia Seratonin SE and hallucinations GABA to focus on 1 thing o Peripheral vs central released when you feel pleasure linked involved in sleep memory food intake most important inhibitory in the brain allows you o Spinal vs cranial o Sympathetic vs parasympathetic peripheral deals with nerves outside of the spinal cord and brain central deals with nerves in the spinal cord and brain somatic makes the body move under your own control autonomic controls organs and you can t control it cord cranial is nerves that come from the brain your heart rate and makes you excited parasympathetic calms you down reaches to the brain houses reflexes in case of emergency Dorsal route and ventral route spinal is nerves that come from the spinal sympathetic increases reflexes A D fibers as thick as your pinky o Somatic vs autonomic spinal cord and brain o Spinal cord o Brain Hindbrain medulla biological reflexes like breathing pons bridge where left side of the brain crosses over cerebellum little brain in back of head that has to do with balance central grey colliculi tectum vision and hearing tegmentum Midbrain Forebrain Old brain hypothalamus specialize in detecting level of substances in blood biological motivation thalamus switchboard sensory information to brain basal ganglia controls fine muscle movements limbic system emotion o Central nervous system CNS New brain responsible for processing of where the primary the lobes o Occipital lobe visual input o Parietal lobe somatosensory cortex is located o Temporal lobe cortex is located o Frontal lobe and executive control system is located where the primary auditory where the primary motor cortex Chapter 4 o Phantom limb o The model of sensory communication o Receptor cells o Energy transducer encoding decoding o Stimulus receptor receive stimulus neuron transfers energy to o E M wave eye optic nerve occipital lobe o Resting potential receptor potential o Action potential generator potential the language of the