Study Guide for Test 2 Notes Persuasion Monroe s Motivated Sequence Looking to influence other people s attitudes beliefs values and or behaviors Attitudes our general evaluations of people ideas objects or events Beliefs the way we perceive reality our feelings about what is true Values enduring values about what is right and wrong What do you want your audience to do Buy Change Choose Do Donate Establish Get Involved Join Make Pay Quit Sell Sign Study Support Take Volunteer Vote Argument is articulating a position with support of evidence and reason our willingness to argue our point of view Arguing is not necessarily a bad thing 5 Key Elements of Monroe s Motivated Sequence 1 Attention get it And include all other elements of an introduction 2 Need the problem 3 Satisfaction the solution 4 Visualization helps us to see into the future 5 Action tell us exactly what to do What about Intro Body Conclusion Introduction Get our attention Clearly reveal topic Listener relevance Credibility Preview Body Need Satisfaction Visualization Conclusion Reiteration of topic and main point summary How you will have already done what you re asking Call to Action Clincher Persuasion Symbolic non coercive influence Jergan Habermas Theory of Communicative Action Strategic Communication Not good instead use Communicative Action Communicative Action Arguing to create understanding not just to win Elaboration Likelihood Model ELM We process information in different ways centrally or peripherally Central thoughtful consideration to the ideas and content of the message Central route straightforward complete high receiver involvement receiver cares Peripheral dark side persuaded by factors that have nothing to do with Weak message low receiver involvement and motivation not processed content of the message cognitively How to Keep Persuasion about Enlightenment Careful deliberate non offensive communication 3 Factors for Persuasion Context Equal opportunity to persuade multiple sides Complete revelation of agendas Critical receivers informed public Agent Appeals to the best in people don t take advantage of peoples fears Takes communication seriously Responsible for what is said Fosters informed choice give multiple sides biases etc Credibility and Integrity Aggressiveness Enlightened Self Interest Articulating a position with support of evidence and reason Winning by inflicting psychological pain by attaching the other person Developing Ethical Fitness Engaging both Intellect and Compassion 3 Cornerstones of Ethical Fitness Credibility Competence Character Civility Respect Self Sacrifice Cooperation Integrity Wholeness Soundness State of Incorruptibility Ethical Ground Rules Dignity and Integrity Pillars of Character 1 Trustworthiness 2 Respect 3 Responsibility 4 Fairness 5 Caring 6 Citizenship Ethos Our credibility our character In terms of our image our content our Pathos The emotions needs desires of our audience delivery Love and fear Logos What is said our ability to articulate rationality Fact reason statistics Evidence that supports argument Syllogism Major premise Obvious statement Minor premise Extension of MP Conclusion Conclusion based on major and minor premise Enthymeme or rhetorical syllogism We fill in the blanks 1 Persuasion as Enlightenment 2 Act with Enlightenment Self Interest 3 Remember ELM and follow MMS 4 Seek to Maintain Build Relationships 5 Avoid Fallacies in Reasoning Unethical Practices 6 Use Appeals Wisely Ethos 7 Act with Integrity and Civility 8 Seek the Desired Ends through an Honest Means Special Occasion Speaking Language and Style Vividness Purposes for Special Occasion Speeches Entertaining Celebrating Commemorating Setting a Social Agenda Inspiring Four Overarching Guidelines 1 Learn the types of speeches and guidelines expectations for each 2 Familiarize ourselves with tools to enhance speaking 3 Consider the needs of those to whom and for whom we speak 4 Adopt an attitude of preparedness Commemorative Speeches This speech should be Pay tribute to a person group institution place thing event or idea 1 Speech that is short organized eloquent inspiring 4 6 minutes 2 Commemorate pay tribute 3 Bring speech to life with language 4 Effectively use a manuscript Language and Style are Crucial Vividness Bright Strong Clear Lively Put life into it Five Things Vividness Brining Speech to Life 1 Employ Imagery 2 Use stylistic devices 3 Use fresh language 4 Vary our rhythm 5 Use humor Anaphora Antithesis Repeating key words Alliteration Assonance Using the same sounds The repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible Personification Simile Giving human quality to inanimate objects Making a comparison among two unlike things using like or as Metaphor Creating a figurative equation of two unlike things saying that it IS Using Humor 1 Device of Humor 2 Analyze Your Own 3 Avoid Pitfalls 4 Variety of Sources 1 Everyday Experiences 2 Be Selective Pitfalls 1 Offensive 2 Irrelevant 3 Telling Jokes 4 Overintroducing our humors material 5 Overused Vividness Bringing Speech to Life 1 Employ Imagery 2 Use Stylistic Devices 3 Use French Language 4 Vary Rhythm 5 Use Humor With Language and Style We must always be audience centered Synchronize our language To address our audience in a way that will resonate with them Meaning is created in the nexus Dr Marilyn Young What we can do to prepare Types of special occasion speeches expectations and guidelines for each Tools we can use to enhance our speaking Needs of those to whom and for whom we speak Adopt and attitude of preparedness Definitions Style the specific word choice sentence structure and rhetorical devices techniques of language that speakers use to express their ideas Rhetorical devices a technique of language to achieve a desired effect Concrete language nouns and verbs that convey specific as opposed to abstract meaning Imagery colorful and concrete words that appeal to the senses Figures of speech expressions such as metaphors similes analogies and hyperbole in which words are used in a nonliteral fashion Simile a figure of speech used to compare one thing with another by using the words like or as Metaphor a figure of speech to make implicit comparisons without the use of like or as Analogy an extended metaphor or simile that compares an unfamiliar concept or process with a more familiar one in order to help the listener understand the one