Speech notes Test 1 Communication The process of sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages to create shared meaning Dynamic process Verbal messages words we use Non verbal messages Everything else 67 93 of all communication is non verbal Intrapersonal communication with one s self Interpersonal communication between people with an identifiable relationship Impersonal communication about general topics Small group communication occurs within 3 10 people Computer meditated communication texting email social networks Public communicating to an audience of 10 or more Intercultural communication Communication that occurs whenever 2 or more people from different cultures interact Mass communication produced and transmitted via media to large audiences Communication apprehension fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others Trait like Situational What are we doing in this class Skills building Content words we use Delivery how we convey these words Methods of delivery Impromptu speaking with limited preparation Manuscript speaking from a manuscript written out in its entirety Memorized speaking a full manuscript from memory Extemporaneous is always the goal 4 things to consider 1 Have we considered our audience Audience centered taking into account the needs attitudes and values of our audience 2 Does it demonstrate good content 3 3 Does our speech have clear structure A speech needs a head body feet to be whole Aristotle 4 Are we delivering our speech effectively What is delivery Way we communicate our message orally and visually through the use of our voice face and body Delivery is conveyed through the nonverbal channel Effective delivery is listener centered Principles of nonverbal communication it is inevitable nonverbal cues are believed it is culturally and situationally bound nonverbal cues are seldom isolated Types of nonverbal cues Proxemics the way in which we use space and distance to communicate Chronemics meanings we attach to time Appearance Professional Eye contact Most expressive source of non verbal communication 90 is the goal Body language body communicates in several ways Facial expressions gestures posture motivated movement and voice Vocal quality is what distinguishes our voice from others Rate volume pitch pronunciation enunciation Vocal variety all elements of vocal quality and stress pausing Conversational style Introductions and conclusions Primary recency effect we are more likely to remember the first and last items conveyed orally in a series than the items in between Developing an introduction Get attention with a question quotation story startling fact or stat humor Establish credibility Conclusions Reinforce main ideas Reiterate thesis topic Restate main points Microstructure style and language 3 key elements 1 appropriateness 2 clarity 3 vividness Appropriateness and clarity can increase understanding foster inclusion arouse emotion boost confidence as speakers should use simple language and sentence structure use repetition Use appropriate language and strive for clarity Language is symbolic and arbitrary The semantic triangle concept term thing 1 Strive for accuracy Connotation is what the word suggest or implies or the meaning we attach to words we base on our experience 2 use words correctly 3 use standard English avoid poor grammar avoid substandard language use active sentences watch private codes watch slang Slang meaning that is assigned to a word by a subculture watch jargon terminology not understoof by outsiders watch foreign unfamiliar wording 4 be specific and concrete 5 be economical 6 be respectful and inclusive Politically correct fairness and respectful Use bias free language Avoid Descriptions Gender linked terms Masculine or feminine only pronouns Unparallel treatment Inappropriate treatment 7 have verbal immedicacy 8 suit level of formality to the occasion 9 omit vocal litter Be audience centered don t be ethnocentric superior to others Ethnocentrism is the belief that our cultural norms are don t pander abandoning your own convictions to cater to the audience Listening Most people only remember 50 of what they hear Hearing Biological process Listening making a conscious effort to hear listening is the process of giving thoughtful attention to another persons words and understanding what you hear Hearing attending understanding remembering are all componets of listening Functions of listening information reception empathy criticism and discrimination other affirmation Types of listening discriminative comprehensive appreciative empathetic critical Hearing problems amount of input personal concerns rapid thought noise All are Barriers of listening Poor listening habits in BB 1 Pseudo listening imitation of the real thing Stage hogging only interested in what we have to say defensive listening taking innocent comments as personal attacks