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SPC2608 Exam 1 Study Guide Communication the process of sending and receiving verbal and non verbal messages to create a shared meaning The message is a signal from the sender In successful communication both the sender and receiver understand the message Types of Communication 1 Verbal 2 Nonverbal the words that we use every else 67 93 Interpersonal other Communication Contexts context refers to where the communication occurs Intrapersonal communication with oneself Often done through journals self talk or decisions made in our hears communication between people that have an identifiable relationship with each Examples interviewing counseling relationships Takes place in a speech when we self disclose to the audience Builds credibility In order to be a good public speaker you need to be good at interpersonal communication Impersonal Small group communication about general topics communication occurring in groups of three to ten people Typically centered around a specific task to reach a goal discuss ideas or to serve social needs Multiple senders and receives makes this difficult Computer Mediated communication through technology that includes interactive sharing Through email discussion boards chats ect Communication occurring when two or more people of difficult cultures interact Communication to an audience of ten or more people Intercultural Public Greatest fear in public speaking should be lack of content Mass communication produced and transmitted through media to a large audience Public speaking and lecturing TV print movies and music Communication is non linear it is transactional and dynamic There s noise or perceptional lenses built from past experiences Communication Apprehension the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others Types of Apprehension Trait like anxiety about speaking in most situations whether one on one or in front of a group Audience based anxiety about speaking in front of a certain group or person Situational short lived anxiety that occurs during a specific encounter such as interviews a professor about an assignment or significant other about a problem Context based anxiety about speaking in a particular setting such as public speaking meetings and one on one situations Three Approaches to Combat 1 Systematic desensitization 2 Cognitive restructuring 3 Skills building Skills Building the focus of this class Proper preparation is the greatest weapon although attitude and thoughts are also important Unconscious incompetence conscious incompetence conscious competence unconscious competence our goal Content and Delivery content is the words we use and delivery the way we convey those words Methods of Delivery Impromptu speaking with limited preparation Manuscript speaking from a manuscript written out in its entirety Con no eye contact robot like Memorized speaking from a manuscript entirely from memory Number one problem memory and no audience feedback Extemporaneous speaking from an outline after careful research and preparation Pulls the best from the other methods always the goal Has eye contact conversational tone and audience feedback Things to Consider Audience your audience Content audience centered speaking takes into account the needs attitudes and values of Structure what is the purpose of the speech is the subject clear Strong content is well researched and credible Site orally Lack of content should be biggest fear key to ensure that the audience can follow your speech Intro body conclusion Aristotle said speech is like a person head torso feet Need clear and easy to grasp transitions Five parts to the intro discussed later the way we communicate our message orally and visually thorough our voice face Delivery and body non verbal communication Effective delivery is listener center Reinforces the verbal conversational natural enthusiastic confident and direct Principles of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is inevitable nonverbal cues are believed and seldom isolated If there are two conflicting messages one verbal one nonverbal people tend to believe the nonverbal It is possible for multiple nonverbal cues to occur at once Nonverbal communication is culturally and situationally bound Nonverbal cues can mean different things to different people and in different cultures Types of Nonverbal Cues Proxemics Chronemics the way in which we use space and distance to communicate the meanings we attach to time Arrive on time time limits Appearance Eye Contact professional and neat appearance convey credibility the most expressive source of nonverbal communication Body Language the body communicates in numerous ways 90 is the goal Facial expressions Gestures Posture Motivated moment Paralanguage all elements of the voice other than the words themselves Vocal quality rate volume pitch pronunciation enunciation What distinguishes our voice from others Pronunciation the way in which a word is pronounced Enunciation the act of pronouncing words Vocal variety Conversational style the ideal all elements of vocal quality plus stressing and pausing Introductions and Conclusion Primacy Regency Effect we are more likely to remember the first and last items conveyed orally in a series than those in between Introduction five parts to the introduction 1 Gaining Attention You can gain attention through quotes telling a story posing a question or using humor 2 Reveal Topic clearly reveal your topic 3 Establishing Credibility Tell us why we should trust you by emphasizing experience knowledge or a unique perspective 4 Make the Topic Relevant Tell the audience what they gain by listening to you 5 Thesis and 3 Main Points Communicate your thesis and speech purpose in one sentence Preview the three main points of your speech Conclusion four parts to the conclusion 1 Signal the Close Can use a transitions statement or alter your voice or physical delivery 2 Restating the Thesis Clearly restate your main purpose or thesis 3 Summarizing Main Points Very briefly summarize your three main points 4 Clincher Used to make a speech memorable and should relate to your opening or directly to your topic Language and Style Three Key Elements 1 Appropriateness 2 Clarity 3 Vividness Oral communication is less formal As speakers we should use simple language and sentence structure repetition and personal pronouns Language is symbolic and arbitrary The word is not the thing Semantic Triangle the word the thing it represents and the


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