Review Guide for Exam 3 Timothy Stover CLT 3370 Lecture 23 Homer s Odyssey Books 1 16 Homer s Odyssey Opens in medias res Odyssey was an epic poem written by Homer tells of Odysseus journey home to Ithaca after the Trojan war Medias res in the middle of things Telemachy Means Story of Telemachas who is Odysseus son First 4 books of Homer s Odyssey are often referred to as this Telemachus visits Nestor and Menelaus Both Nestor and Menelaus follow proper rules of xenia Menelaus tells Telemachus that Odysseus is still alive and being held captive on an island by Calypso Xenia Guest host relationship hospitality Odysseus and Calypso on Ogygia Hermes is sent to order calypso to release Odysseus from the island Odysseus washes ashore Scheria He builds a raft and it gets wrecked in a storm by Poseidon then washes on up on the shore of Scheria home of the Phaeacians Odysseus and Nausicaa Nausicca is the daughter of the queen of the island wants Odysseus to marry her Alcinous and Arete King and queen respectively show xenia to Odysseus and throw a festival with athletic events dancing and songs to show off their culture The Apologoi Books 9 12 Means tales yarns The books of the Odyssey where Odysseus tells the Phaeacians of his wanderings from Troy to Calypso Island Cicones and Lotus Eaters Odysseus and his men first go to the city of Ismarus and pillage until the Cicones fought back Land where the natives gave Odysseus and his men the fruit of the lotus which makes everyone forget about going home and everyone wants to stay and eat more fruit Odysseus eventually drags everyone back to the ship and they leave Polyphemus the Cyclops Son of Poseidon Odysseus tricks him and blinds him then telling him his name in an act of hubris Poseidon then finds out and makes Odysseus journey difficult Circe A witch who turns Odysseus men into pigs She tells Odysseus to visit the underworld to see Tiresias The Nekuia A witch who turns Odysseus men into pigs She tells Odysseus to visit the underworld to see Tiresias The Sirens Women avoided by Odysseus and his men because of the warning of Circe They typically sing an enchanting song which causes sailors to sail towards their island where they crash into rocks and sink Scylla and Charybdis Scylla is a six headed sea monster who kills six of Odysseus men Charybdis is a whirlpool Helius cattle Odysseus and his crew are low on food and Odysseus men ignore Circe s warning to avoid the cattle of Helios and kill them for food Helios then demands that Zeus punish them and they suffer a shipwreck and all but Odysseus die Phaeacians return Odysseus to Ithaca They give him a ship to sail back to Ithaca Eumaeus A loyal swineherd who is a slave of Odysseus Odysseus returns to Ithaca in disguise but the slave still shows xenia to him Telemachus returns to Ithaca Athena tells him to return from Sparta and helps him avoid the suitors ambush he then goes to Eumaeus hut and reunites with Odysseus They hatch a plot to deal with the suitors Lecture 24 Homer s Odyssey Books 17 24 Odysseus as beggar goes to palace Does this to keep the element of surprise also sees Penelope and his old dog Argos who waited to see his master return then dies Abuse by Suitors Suitors are rude to him and do not show xenia like everyone else in the story Odysseus vs Arnaeus aka Irus Arnaeus was the beggar in the castle this was a fight between the two beggars arranged by the suitors for amusement Odysseus and Eurycleia A servant of Odysseus who helped raise him as a boy she is bathing him and recognizes his scar but he tells her to not say anything to anyone about it The Contest of the Bow Penelope comes up with a challenge that no one will be able to do except her husband whoever can string Odysseus bow and fire an arrow through 12 axe handles wins Many fail but Odysseus completes the task easily and wins Penelope Themnesterophonia Means Killing of the Suitors It is Odysseus Eumaeus Telemachus and Philoetius vs the suitors All of the suitors are killed The Test of the Bed Odysseus reveals his identity to Penelope but she is hesitant to believe it is him Odysseus describes her bed and she accepts that it is him Lecture 25 Perseus Argos City where Perseus was born Zeus and Dana Zeus gets her pregnant with a shower of gold Acrisius Danae s father who was the King of Argos He banishes Danae and her son because the Delpic Oracle told him that Danae s son would kill him Dictys on Seriphos The brother of Polydectes He welcomes Perseus and Danae to Seriphos Polydectes The king of Seriphos Quest for the head of Medusa Wanting to get rid of Perseus Polydectes sends him on a quest to fetch the head of Medusa Graeae Means Old Women They have one tooth and one eye between them Athena and Hermes Tell Perseus to go to the Graeae because they will have things that will help him defeat Medusa Medusa A Gorgon Hideous creature with snakes for hair One look turns a person to stone Pegasus A winged horse that comes out of Medusa s decapitated body Perseus and Andromeda Andromeda is a damsel in distress Perseus spots on his way back to Seriphos Perseus kills the Kraken with medusa s head and rescues Andromeda and marries her Return to Seriphos Flies back with Andromeda and Medusa s head He turns Polydectes to stone and names Dictys the new king Snakes and coral Some snakes fall off the head on the way home and this explains the deadly snakes in the Libyan desert Her blood hardened in the water and turned to coral Athena and the aegis Perseus gives Athena the head and this becomes a symbol on her aegis shield Perseus returns to Argos Acrisus flees to Larissa and Perseus follows him Accidentally kills Acrisius Perseus was competing in the Olympics throws the discus and kills Acrisius Lecture 26 Hercules Heracles Name means glory of Hera changed from Alcides Hera hated him when he was alive he changed his name in an attempt to reconcile with Hera Amphitryon and Alcmena Zeus and Alcmena Zeus Duigises himself as Amphitryon and gets Alcmena pregnant The real Amphitryon returns and does the same Anger of Hera Constant theme because Hercules is a reminder of Zeus infidelity Infant Heracles vs the serpents She sends snakes to kill Hercules and Iphicles twin brother but Hercules kills the snakes Heracles as sex symbol like Arnold Masculine appearance and sleeps with 50 daughters of Thespius in one night Heracles and Megara Megara is a Theban princess She marries Hercules The madness of Heracles Hera makes Hercules go crazy
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