THE TROJAN WARLEADING UP TO THE WARLeda- wife of TyndareusTyndareus- king of SpartaZeus comes to Leda as a swan; rapes her; out comes 2 eggs – one has 2 sons in it: Polydeuces (Zeus) & Castor (Thyndareus)one has 2 daughters in it: Helen (Zeus) & Clytemnestra (Thyndareus)The Discuri (sons of Zeus)Great heroes of RomePolydeuces (Pollux) – immortalCastor – mortal; gets killed in quarrelPoly prays to Zeus asking to die in brother place both alive & live together alternating days between earth & hadesClytemnestra – Agamemnon; Mycenaean saga- kill Aga be with AesgisthusHelenbeautiful womanmarry Menelaus- king of Spartahave daughter Hermione While Men away @ Crete Paris/Alexander (Trojan Prince) comes to Sparta & takes her back to Troy w/ himLeaders of Troy:Dardanus: son of Electra & ZeusLaomedon: great-grandson of Daranus, king of TroyPriam: king of Troy; has 100 kids; married to HecubaParis: prince of troy, son of Priam & Hecuba; steals HelenHector: prince of troy, son of Priam; brother of Paris; greatest Trojan heroAndromache: wife of HectorProphecy that son of Hecuba will bring about the destruction of Troy; Paris was exposed, rescued & became shepherdPeleus: son of Aeacus, king of Aegina; exiled b/c of virtue Zeus marry him to ThetisThetis has prophecy that her son will be greather than his fatherEris- uninvited, brought apple that leads to judg of Paris & TWAchilles: son of Peleus & Thetis@ young age Thetis try to make immortal; most parts of his body are except heel where T held himChiron: centaur & teacherChiron teach Achilles art of music, fighting, etcHas 2 fates: grow old in hometown (Theia) have a long not glorious life OR have a short glorious life and be great warrior of TroyThetis disguises him as a girl, takes him to island of Scyros to be raised by daughters Lycomedes (King of Scyros), disguised exposed & has to go fight in TroyParis/Alexander rapes Helen; carriers her off to Troy with him; xenia TROJAN WARTROJAN WARGreeks (Achaeans) VS TrojansAchaean leaders:Menelaus: king of Sparta, wants Helen backAgamemnon: king of Mycenae, brother of Menelaus, chief general Diomedes: king of ArgosNestor: king of Pylos, old manAjax the Greater: king of SalamisAjax the Lesser: prince of LocrisOdysseus: king of Ithaca, cleverAchilles: prince of Myrmidons, greatest Achaean warriorPhoenix: tutor of Achilles, old manPatroclus: companion of Achilles, sometimes Achilles loverTrojan Warriors:HectorParisHelenus: prince of troy, oracleDeiphobus: prince of troyAeneas: member of royan Trojan horseLycians: Glaucus & Sarpedon- become friends & stop fightingAmazons, EthiopiansMeeting @ Aulis- sacrifice of IphigeniaPhilocteses: abandoned; inherit Heracles bow & arrows- only w/aid of Heracles b&a could Troy be capturedTroilos: son of Priam & Hecuba; first to die slain by AchillesTHE ILLIADHomer750 BCD- Not exhaustive; war goes on for 10 years (9 yr stalemate) Illiad only focuses on 10th yearThemes: Achilles’ wrathArêteBattle between gods & menArete- excellence esp in warAristeia- powerful moments ex- warrior go into battle and kill everyoneWomens arête- excellence; Andromache- virtuous model of greek wifeTime- honorGerata- war bootyKleos- lasting fame, reputationMenin- anger/wrathThe conflict:Agamemnon vs AchillesChryseis; Agamemnon’s captive; war bootyChryses: Chryseis’ father, priest of ApolloBriseis: captive of Achilles, Achilles love interestAgamemnon is told he has to give Chryseis back; Chryses prays to Apollo; Apollo unleashes plagueEventually he has to give her back so he takes Briseis from Achilles; Ac loved her and becomes angry withdraws from fighting (shoes arête)Gods Battles @ TroyTheomachy: battle between godsTrojan side: Apollo Aphrodite Ares ArtemisAchaean side: Hera Athena Poseidon ThetisZeus- neutral2 Trojan CouplesParis & HelenBattle btwn Menelaus & Paris; Men win, P saved by AphroditeAphrodite keep getting them together while Helen; she favors H w/ PHector & AndomacheAndromache: loyal, noble woman of TroyAstyanax: son of HectorHector- greatest of Trojan warriors (after Ach)H have sad farewell to famAgamemnon attempts to reconcile w/ Ach; offers Briseis backPhoenix- old tutor, also tries to persuadeAchilles- feels Aga is undermining his kleos- doesn’t take B back- allows Patroclus to use his armorParoclus kills everyone including Sarpedon- son of ZeusZeus upset (tears come down as blood) Hector assisted by Apollo kills Paroclus & takes his armor *TURNING POINT*Achilles wrath over death of friend gets back in fightingHas no armor; Thetis gets Hephaestus to make new/better armorAthena takes form of Deophobus (brother of Hector) and Hector realizes gods are against himAchilles kills Hector; drags corpse around for 12 days- corpse was refreshed by Apollo daily; horrible fateFuneral games for PatroclusPriam ransoms for Hector’s body to be returned to Troy; funeralArchaeology of Troy- Turkey- Heinrich Schleimann’s discovery of TroyAfter funeral for Hector-Amazons come led by Penthesilea- killed by Achilles; fell in love before killed herDeath of Achilles:Fatally wounded in heel by arrow shot by Paris w/ Apollo’s helpOdysseus & Ajax the greater fight for armorOdysseus gets it; Ajax kills himselfAfter Achilles dies Ody captures Helenus- tells how they could capture city:Summon Neoptolemus & PhiloctetesPhiloctetes- uses Heracles arrows to kill ParisNeoptolemus (son of Achilles)- slaughters Priam at alter Trojan Horse:Epeus: build hollow wooden horseAll impt soldiers hide in it; Odysseus @ centerSinon: captive, left behind & tells that horse is sacrifice to Athena & must be brought inside wallsCassandra: prophetic daughter of Priam & Hecuba; fortold the truthLacoön: son of Antenor, priest of Apollo; tries to destroy horse@ night while Trojans slept Sinon opened the horse and released the GreeksOther Greeks that left for Tenedos sailed back & helpedEveryone was killed & city burnedCassandra became slave for Aga both killed by ClymNEXT Ody return (nostoi) OdysseyTHE ODYSSEYHomer 750 BCEBooks 1-4: Telemacheia (journey of Telemachos)Books 5-8: Wanderings (to court of Alcinoüs)Books 9-12: Flashback, Odysseus as storyteller (Stories of Alkinoüs)Books 13-24: end of wanderings at beginning of 13, IthicaCHARACTERSOdysseus - Greek hero @ Troy; husband of Penelope; father of Telemachus; cunning & clever Telemachus - Odysseus’s son; baby when Ody left now ~20yrs old; maturation subplot of the play;assisted by AthenaPenelope - Wife of Odysseus
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