CLT3370 Classical Mythology Spring 2015 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 3 TERMS Anemos Wind Greek Anima Soul Latin Chthonic of the Earth De Earth Deai Grain Crete Dios God Dithyramb a bombastic ode sung and danced to Dionysus Hera Cles Glorious through Hera Hermes Psychopompos Guide to Souls Hierophant High priest he who reveals the Heira Kore girl Kykeon Drink Lekanomanteia Looking into a vessel of water and having a prophecy Liber Free Father Maenads Bacchantes Female followers of Dionysus Often seen w Thrysos Meter Mother Nysa Mt Nysa Orcus Places that Confines Psyche Breath Soul Greek Thrysos Wielded by Dionysus Long rod with cone on top PEOPLE Acas Son of Callisto and Zeus Acas was brought up without knowing of who his mother or father was One day while Acas is hunting and meets Callisto his mother as a bear About to kill the bear Zeus intervenes and takes both Callisto and Acas up to the heavens where he turns them into neighboring stars This myth helps provide the etiology for individual stars and constellations Callisto Ursa Major and Acas Ursa Minor Achilles Great hero of the Trojan War a son of Peleus and Thetis Achilles is most notable during the Trojan War when he slayed the Trojan hero Hector outside the gates of Troy When Achilles was born Thetis tried to make him immortal by dipping him in the river Styx He was left vulnerable at the part of the body by which she held him his heel Acrisius King of Argos and father of Dana Acrisius is told of a prophecy of his grandchild overthrowing him and thus locks his daughter Dana in a Bronze tower to prevent her from giving birth to a child In the form of a golden shower Zeus appears to Dana and sleeps with her From this union Perseus is born and he grows to become an extraordinary hero After being placed in a chest and thrown adrift in the sea with his mother by his grandfather King Acrisius the two later washed up on the shores of the island of Seriphos Actaeon He is a hunter of Thebes and grandson of Cadmus Actaeon one day was hunting with his band and his dogs but strayed away from the path He ends up wandering into the sacred bathing place of Artemis Here he finds the goddess fully exposed and surrounded by her wood nymphs Artemis is shocked and enraged because a mere mortal had seen her exposed body for she is one of the virgin goddesses of chastity At this moment she is not armed with her bow and quiver so she splashes water on Actaeon and this turns him into a stag Actaeon flees and is spotted by his hunting dogs who then unaware that it is he attacks and kills him Aegeus One of the primal kings of Athens he was worried that he would not have an heir to his thrown Aegeus travels to Delphi to ask the Oracle for advice Aegeus traveled to Troezen where he met King Pittheus it was he who translated the prophecy of the oracle for Aegeus and also introduced him to his daughter Aethra when he was drunk and the two sleep together After Aethra becomes pregnant Aegeus decides to return to Athens Before leaving however he buried his sandals and sword under a huge rock and told Aethra that if she were to bare a son have him grow up and lift the rock to retrieve the items and take them to Athens Agamamnon Son of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae He is also the brother of Menelaus and father of Iphigenia When Helen wife of Menelaus ran off with Paris of Troy Agamamnon commanded the united Greek armed forces in the Trojan War Agamamnon s army also invoked the wrath of Artemis He slays a sacred animal of Artemis and boasts that he was Artemis equal in hunting Artemis punishes the army by giving them a plague and giving them no wind preventing the army from sailing The prophet Calchas announced that the wrath could only be atoned by the sacrifice of Agamamnon s daughter Iphigenia He sacrificed his daughter which appeased Artemis and the army set out for Troy Alcmene Wife of Amphitryon and mother of Heracles by Zeus affair with her By Amphitryon she is the mother of Iphicles Alcmene was born to Electryon the son of Perseus and Andromeda and king of Mycenae Hesiod describes her as the tallest most beautiful women with wisdom that surpassed by no person born of mortal parents It is said that her face and dark eyes are as charming as Aphrodite s and that she honored her husband Electryon like no other women before her Alcmene accompanied Amphitryon to Thebes where he was purified by Creon after accidentally killing Electryon and was exiled Alcmene refused to marry him until after he avenged the death of her brothers While Alcmene was away it was then where Zeus disguised as Amphitryon slept with Alcmene thereby conceiving Heracles Amphitryon A Theban general who was originally from Tiryns and is the husband of Alcmene Amphitryon accidently killed Alcmene s father Electryon He was driven out of his town and fled with Alcmene to Thebes where he was cleansed from the guilt of blood by Creon the king of Thebes Alcmene refused to marry him until he had avenged the death of her brothers all of whom had fallen in battle against the Taphians The Taphians seemed invincible until Comaetho the Taphian king s daughter out of love for Amphitryon cut off her father s golden hair which made him immortal After defeating the enemy Amphitryon killed Comaetho and returned home He and Alcmene gave birth to two sons Iphicles and Heracles Only Iphicles was of Amphitryon s blood Heracles was of Zeus affair with Alcmene Andromeda daughter of King Cepheus of Aethiopia and his wife Cassiopeia Cassiopeia commits hubris by boasting that Andromeda is far more beautiful than that of the Nereids This enrages Poseidon and sends a sea monster named Cetus to ravage Aethiopia as divine punishment Andromeda is stripped and chained naked to a rock as sacrifice to make Cetus stop his destruction Perseus arrives and promises to slay the monster if he can have Andromeda s hand in marriage Her father agrees and Perseus slays the monster using his winged sandals cap of invisibility and scimitar Andromeda is to be betrothed to Phineus Cepheus brother but Perseus uses Medusa s head to turn him into stone and defeats him Perseus and Andromeda conceive a son named Perses After his birth Perseus and Andromeda fly away together back to the Island Seriphos leaving Perses behind as their heir to Cepheus Kingdom Apples of Hesperides 12 Labors The Apples of Hesperides was Heracles 11th labor Eurystheus commanded Heracles to bring him golden apples that belonged to Zeus Hera had given Zeus these
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