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CLT3370 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Homer s Odyssey Books 1 16 Homer s Odyssey Homer ca 800 BC Odyssey o Epic poem in 24 books i e chapters o About Odysseus return to Ithaca after war in Troy o Poem begins in medias res in the middle of things o Books 1 4 often called the Telemachy story of Telemachus The Telemachy or story of Telemachus Books 1 4 Telemachus Odysseus son o Coming of age story o Aided by Athena he tries to get the suitors to leave the palace and to learn the whereabouts of Odysseus Travels to Pylos to speak with Nestor Sparta to speak with Menelaus Nestor and Menelaus both follow proper rules of xenia an important theme throughout the poem From Menelaus Telemachus learns that Odysseus is alive but a captive of the nymph Calypso on the island of Ogygia Note the constant references throughout the Telemachy to murder of Agamemnon revenge taken by Orestes Orestes as example for Telemachus to follow Book 5 Hermes sent to order Calypso to release Odysseus Odysseus builds a raft Wrecked in a storm sent by Poseidon o Anger of Poseidon Washes up on island of Scheria home of the Phaeacians Book 6 Book 7 Odysseus and Nausicaa o Alcinous daughter in Phaeacia who helps Odysseus Odysseus received kindly by King Alcinous and Queen Arete 1 o xenia again Book 8 Athletic contests dancing and song o The poet Demodocus sings the story of Hephaestus Ares and Aphrodite o Also sings about the Trojan War Saddens Odysseus Alcinous finally asks his guest who he is where he s from and Odysseus launches into the story of how he got there Books 9 12 are taken up with Odysseus account of his wanderings Odysseus tells the Phaeacians of his wanderings from Troy to Calypso s island This section of the Odyssey is known as the apologoi tales yarns Books 9 12 Book 9 The Cicones o Ciconian people of Ismarus in Thrace encountered by Odysseus o Odysseus and his mean sacked the city before being driven off o Maron priest of Apollo gave Odysseus 12 jars of fragrant red wine The Lotus Eaters o Those who eat of the captivating fruit of the lotus o Forgot everything and wanted only to stay where he was eating lotus fruit The Cyclops Polyphemus o A one eyed giant Cyclops means orb eyed o Represents a kind of anti civilization He s a cannibal and despiser of Zeus Does not follow mankind s rules of xenia o Odysseus scheme to break free Gets Polyphemus drunk to the point where he passes out Shoves a spear in his eye causing him to yell in agony Polyphemus removes the bolder blocking the entrance allowing Odysseus and his men to escape by riding under his giant sheep o Once free Odysseus loses restraint Tells Polyphemus who he is Polyphemus curse and the anger of Poseidon Book 10 Island of Aeolus lord of the winds o The bag of winds o Odysseus untimely exhaustion Odysseus men open the bag of winds and they are drifted off course 2 The Laestrygonians o More cannibals o They sank all of Odysseus ships except his own and ate up most of his crew o Odysseus escapes with one ship Island of Circe o A witch turns Odysseus men into swine o Hermes and the antidote o Greeks remain with Circe for a year o She tells Odysseus to visit Underworld to see Tiresias Book 11 Book 12 The Nekuia Return to Circe s island The Sirens o Odysseus lashed to the mast safely hears the song of the Sirens as his men row by their ears plugged with wax o Cf our term siren for a woman who is desirable but dangerous Scylla and Charybdis creature o Odysseus had to pass through two high cliffs both containing a dangerous o In the lower cliff lived Charybdis who sucked in the water of the strait and spouted it upward again creating a dangerous whirlpool that could destroy the ship o Odysseus chose as the lesser evil the higher cliff where was the cave of Scylla daughter of the sea deity Poseidon who had six heads Six of Odysseus men were caught by the head as expected and the Odysseus was told by Circe not to kill any of the cattle if he wished to ship wasn t destroyed Island of the sun god Helius o The cattle of Helius ever return home o Storm winds detain men o Odysseus untimely sleep again Odysseus men kill some of the cattle for food o Storm and death of the rest of the crew Storm sent by Zeus as a result of Helius complaints o Odysseus washes up on Calypso s island Book 13 Home at last o Phaeacians return Odysseus to Ithaca 3 o Athena alters Odysseus appearance Informs him of the mess at home Book 14 Eumaeus the loyal swineherd o Aids Odysseus in his affairs o Note the frequent apostrophes direct addresses to Eumaeus Book 15 Book 16 Athena tells Telemachus to return home from Sparta She helps him avoid the suitors ambush Telemachus goes to Eumaeus hut Odysseus and Telemachus reunited Begin hatching a plot to deal with the suitors Homer s Odyssey Books 17 24 Homer s Odyssey Book 17 Telemachus goes to palace to see Penelope o Tells her what Menelaus told him about Odysseus o She remains incredulous Eumaeus takes Odysseus to palace o Encounter with Melanthius a wicked goatherd Treats Odysseus very badly and pushes him off the road o Encounter with Argos Odysseus old dog Recognizes Odysseus then goes off to die o Abuse of Odysseus by suitors Book 18 The battle of the beggars o Odysseus vs Arnaeus aka Irus Arnaeus Irus is a beggar that lives in Odysseus palace with the Odysseus defeats Arnaeus Irus Masculine form of Iris messenger of the gods because he runs errands suitors for money Book 19 Odysseus has Telemachus hide the suitors weapons Odysseus abused by some maidservants Odysseus meets Penelope for the first time 4 o Lies about his identity Odysseus and Eurycleia o Eurycleia is an old nurse who raised Odysseus o Recognition of Odysseus scar Penelope announces her desire to establish the contest of the bow Book 20 Preparations for festival of Apollo god of archery More abuse of Odysseus by suitors Odysseus meets Philoetius a loyal cowherd and ally Book 21 The contest of the bow o Whoever can string Odysseus bow and fire an arrow through 12 axe handles wins Penelope Telemachus fails to string the bow Various suitors fail as well o Meanwhile Odysseus reveals himself to Eumaeus and Philoetius Tells them to a lock the serving women in their rooms and b to lock the outer door to the hall so no one can escape o Odysseus easily strings the bow and shoots an arrow through the axe handles Book 22 The mnestorophonia killing of the suitors o All hell breaks loose o Odysseus Telemachus Eumaeus and Philoetius vs the suitors All the suitors are killed o


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FSU CLT 3370 - Homer’s Odyssey

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