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CLT 3370 Notes – Part I 8/21/11 11:33 PM Zeus raised by nymphs • Mt. Dicte – Myth as ritual and vice versa • Clashing of the swords/spears against shields to hide Zeus Rhea, Gaia, and Thetis help Zeus • Give Chronos an emetic potion (makes him puke) Titianomachy (war with the Titians) • Olympians versus the Titians (Olympians win  Younger = better) o Thetis and Prometheus fight for Zeus (both Titians and have foresight) o Stalemate until Zeus receives help from Gaia  Use the Hecatonkires against the Titians Zeus punishes the Titians • Majority – Tartarus (Hecatonkires guard them) • Atlas – Must hold the world up Description of Tartarus (pg 722 in 8th edition, recommend the old book because the only difference is the pictures are in color in the new one) • Oaths by Styx are unbreakable, even for the gods Giantomachy (Fighting the giants) • Stack mountains to try to get to the gods • Eventually lose 7 wives of Zeus – Hera is the last, but she isn’t the last woman he sleeps with Birth of Heroes and Villains The (complicated) creation of humans • Created during rule of Cronos o Not clear why or by whom o Generally: Prometheus  Man; Zeus  Woman Works and Days (by Hesiod) • Tone: Starts spiteful; then didactic • Poem to Hesiod’s brother, Perses, telling him how he should live his life • Lines 1-105: Prometheus and Pandora • Lines 106-201: 5 ages of man o Gold, Silver, Bronze, Heroes (not mentioned in Ovid), Iron Choice at Mecone • Theogony (lines 535-546) personal use only• Etiological Myth • Zeus versus Prometheus o Who gets what part of the animals when they are sacrificed o Prometheus tricks Zeus into choosing fat and bones, leaving behind the meat for humans • Punishment o Man: Zeus withholds fire from o Prometheus says there will be no sacrifices without fire o Prometheus steals fire and brings to humans  Severely punished (chained to a rock and eagle eats out his liver daily)  Woman (Pandora) created to punish man Pandora • Theogony (lines 570-616) o Name means “all gifts” o Woman not necessarily evil herself • Works and Days (lines 82-120) o Pandora given a pithos (a jar, NOT a box) o Zeus sends her to Epimetheus (Name means “after thought” o Curiosity overwhelms Pandora; opens the box  All the evils come out, only hope remains in the box (what is the meaning of this? No real answer) Prometheus Bound (Aeschylus) • Revolutionary tragedian: actor interacting with the chorus • After 480BCE (Athens sacked and burned) • 1st in a trilogy (remaining 2 fractured and lost) o Prometheus Unbound o Prometheus the Fire Bringer • Archetypes (Carl Jung) o Zeus – Tyrant (represents Xerxes) o Prometheus – Trickster (represents the Greeks) • Location of action: outside thepolis Hesiod versus Aeschylus • Hero o Hesiod  Zeus o Aeschylus  Prometheus personal use only• Villain o Hesiod  Prometheus o Aeschylus  Zeus • Main conflict : Brains versus brawn (will show up A LOT) Metamorphoses (Ovid) • Opening statement (book I) o “Intention is to tell of bodies changed to different forms… with a poem from start to present day.” • Roman founders changed to gods o Apotheosis • Themes and morals • Nearly completed before exile in 8CE • Creation and Ages of man versus Theogony (Hesiod) Lycaon • Metamorphoses book I • King of Arcadia and an evil man o People of Arcadia call themselves the Lukaio o Zeus travels to meet him  Because mankind is corrupt and he wants to see if rumors are true • Test and punishment o Lycaon decides to “test” Zeus  Will kill Zeus in his sleep (or try)  Major violation of hospitality  Tries to feed Zeus human flesh for dinner o Zeus turns Lycaon into a wolf  Burns down Lycaon’s house  Cursed to roam countryside forever (explains lonely howl of a wolf) The flood • Gets Posiden’s help (doesn’t want to use fire because he doesn’t want Olympus to catch fire and burn too) • Prometheus warns son (Deucalion) and niece (Pyrrha) about the coming floods, tells to build boat • Boat lands on Mt. Parnassus, near Delphi personal use only• Themis (goddess) o Pray to goddess and give thanks for their survival o Told to throw bones of their mother over their shoulder to repopulate the earth (in this case, their mother is Gaia, the earth and her bones are rocks) • Zeus allows them to live because he sees potential good in humans Hestia/Vesta – Zeus’s sister • First child of Chronos and Rhea • Hearth fire • Rome and the Vestal Virgins (mystery religion) o More important in Rome than Greece o Sworn off sex of all kinds (also Vesta is a virgin goddess, one of three) o 6-12 elite, qualified, aged 6-10 when going in, priestesses for 30 years  May marry and have families also after leaving  If they mess up, they get buried alive  Do so that there is no accountability – the gods will save them if they’re innocent Hera/Juno – Zeus’s sister and final wife • Queen of the gods • Goddess of marriages and childbirth • Jealousy and wrath – qualities she is known for o Targets the females that Zeus chases after Zeus/Jupiter – Son of Chronos and Rhea, Youngest of the Titians • King of the Gods (man-whore because extends power) • God of thunder and lightning (male sky god and female earth goddess theme) • Protector of the guest/host relationship o Any Greek-speaking travelers may stay anywhere in Greece  Decree of Zeus  Called Philoxenia, aka Xenia Ixion • Pindar “Pythian Odes” (Metamorphosis book II, lines 21-48) • Kindred bloodshed and miasma (pollution, happens when people do bad things, brought upon whole families) personal use only• Ritual pontification by someone more powerful o Ixion pardoned by Zeus o Later hits on Hera (this really pisses her off, complains to Zeus) • Nephele and hubris o Cloud version of Hera o Ixion takes Nephele in Zeus’s bead and brags about having slept with hera o Zeus finds out and casts him into Tartarus  Attached to a turning fire wheel forever • Centaurs – child of Nephele and Ixion o He mated with mares (female horeses) to create the centaur race personal use onlyCLT 3370 Notes – Part II 8/21/11 11:33 PM Ixion (continued from previous lecture) • Centaurs – Child of Nephele and Ixion o Mates with mares to create the


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FSU CLT 3370 - Lecture notes

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