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Classic Myth Midterm Study Guide What is a myth Mythos word story tale Fluidity of myth no exact rules can change by author Immortality of myth Myth and Saga Legend 2 types of stories Is Myth Truth Is myth history Etiological Myths o Perhaps Euthemerus c 3000 BCE Euhermism History as the basis for famous myths Is myth religion o Myth is strongly concerned with creation gods o Cultic connections o Myth a story about the creation of the world humankind gods interactions o Saga Legend a story with some connection to history even it s extremely with humans fanciful heroes an explanation of the origin of some fact or custom Creation of the world origin of good and evil source of feelings Frequent in classic myth Other interpretations of myth fulfillment Sigmund Freud dreams and symbols escape from reality and Oedipus complex wish Carl Juna archetypical images the self the shadow the Animus the Anima the collective unconscious and the Electra Complex Historical Background How do we learn about ancient cultures Literature o Homer Hesiod etc Oral tradition Archaeology Heinrich Schliemann 1870s o Troy Anatolia Tiryans and Mycenae Sir Arthur Evans turn of the 20th cent o Minoans Crete Minoans Crete Ca 1600 1400 BCE Middle Late Bronze Ages Major palaces o Knossos Cnossus o Phaestus Phaistos Worship of a fertility Mother Goddess Mother Goddess Characteristics Earth Mother fertility and agriculture Nurturer and Guardian Destroyer Triple Goddess birth death and regeneration Moon Goddess Mycenaeans city of Mycenae Greek Language Linear B Worshipped sky god Zeus Flourished in the Late Helladic Period 1600 1100 BCE Sky God Sky father heavenly father Complement of Earth Mother Zeus Jupiter Lightening Rain Clouds o Union of earth and sky to create the world Archaic Period 1100 800 BCE almost no Greek info 800 480 BCE Invention of the Greek alphabet Homer Hesoid Theogony Classical Period 480 323 BCE Destruction of the Athenian Acropolis by Persians 480 BCE until death of Alexander o Octavian was given the name Augustus Caesar and given supreme rule the Great 323 BCE o Hellenistic Period after 323 BCE Period of famous art philosophy literature playwriting o Playwrights Aeshylus Sophocles Euripides Rome Foundation traditional 753 BCE o Romulus and Remus children of Mars Roman Republic 509 BCE Roman Empire ca 27 BCE Creation Myths Hesoid o 2 works Theogony Works and Days o Etiological myths o Didactic literature o Written in meter Dactylic hexameter Epic Meter Homer Vergil Ovid Homeric Hymns 33 hymns to Olympian gods Composed at different times by different authors 8th 4th BCE Similar to Homer s epics Ovid Hesoid 1st c BCE to 1st c AD Roman poet Latin Metamorphoses stories about transformations 700 BCE after Homer o Archaic Period of Greece Historical figure o Farmer shepherd o Inspired to compose poetry by Muses on Mt Helicon Greece won prize o Won a tripod Hesoid s Theogony The Muses o Traditionally nine o Daughters of Zeus Kleio history Euterpe music Thaleia comedy Melpomene tragedy Terpsikhore dance Erato lyric poetry Mt Helicon o Traditional home of the Muses their shrine o Setting of the Theogony Creation and Chaos Chaos a gaping void emptiness Hesoid o Not a deity but a beginning or first principle o Chaos mass of elements confused Ovid Creation Myths Creation from Chaos o World is derived from divine influence over primary matter o Disordered matter becomes order o Gaia Tartarus Eros Erebus Night Primordial Gods o First gods o Gods that bring other gods into existence o Came from Chaos Gaia Ge Earth Mother Earth Goddess Great Mother of all Mother Earth Parthenogenesis o virgin birth came into birth w o mother o Ouranos Uranus sky god o Pontus Sea god o Mountains Marriage of Gaia and Uranus Gaia Uranus o Primitive idea of agriculture o Goddess of fertility o Life springs forth o Primitive idea of weather o God of sky o Uranus rain semen seeds 12 titans came from Gaia and Uranus Hireros Gamos sacred marriage between sky god and earth mother Cyclopes orb eyed Hecatonchires hundred handers 50 headed 12 Titans Remember in pairs o 6 males 6 females married ea Other Oceanus m and Tethys f o Oceanids and Potamoi o 3 000 daughter and 3 000 sons respectively Hyperion m and Theia f o Hyperion god of sun o Parents of Selene moon Helius sun The Offspring of Gaia and Uranus Uranus hated the monsters Cyclopes and Hectatonchires o Hid them within Earth Gaia Gaia asked her children to help her Cronus with sickle Castration of Uranus Punishment of Uranus o Gaia and Cronus Birth of Erinyers Giants Nymphs Birth of Aphrodite o Aphros foam After Uranus Cronus becomes supreme god sky god Rhea sister wife Earth mother with Gaia o Children Hestia hearth Demeter grain Hera marriage Hades underworld Poseidon sea Zeus youngest leader of Olympians o From Gaia and Uranus one of children will defeat him Rhea tricks Cronus into swallowing Omphalos stone stone given to Cronus instead of Cronus and Rhea Cronus swallows his children Prophecy Zeus o Delphi most famous Zeus is raised on Crete away from his father o Raised by nymph or goat on Mt Aegean Zeus Rise to Power and the Creation of Man Cronus is given drug and other children come out Titanomachy Zeus and siblings vs Cronus and Titans lasts about 10 years o Zeus side Hestia Demeter Hera Hades Poseidon Themis Titan Prometheus Cyclopes Hecatonchires o Cronus side all other Titans except Atlas o Mt Othrys stronghold of Titans o Mt Olympus stronghold of the Olympians o Olympians victorious Titans imprisoned in a pit beneath Tartarus Guarded by Hecatonchires Atlas was ordered to hold the heavens on his shoulder Olympians become one step closer to becoming uncontested rulers of the world Gigantomachy o Zeus and siblings vs giants o Victorious o Zeus vs Typhoeus Typhoon Prometheus Son of Iapetus and Clymene Themis Son of a Titan God of Forethought Brothers Atlas Menoetins and Epimetheus o Atlas supporter of Earth punishment o Menoetins opponent of Zeus sent down to Tartarus o Epimetheus key figure in creation of man and women Trickster god Fashioned humans out of clay o Molded them Athena breathed the breath of life into them o Only molded men no women Champion of Mankind gave them understanding sight architecture science fire and medicine Zeus vs Prometheus Meeting at Mecone Mekone Sikyon o Pile 1 Meat innards hide etc in a stomach o Pile 2 Bones wrapped in fat Zeus becomes angry o Takes back fire from mankind o Fire of the gods Source of all arts Prometheus steals fire and


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FSU CLT 3370 - Classic Myth Midterm

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