Exam I Study Guide CLT3370 08 Spring 2012 Terms to Know Note that a study guide is just what it says a study guide to aid you in preparation for the exam It is not all encompassing and you are responsible for all assigned readings and material covered in class through February 9th even if it is not on this guide Authors and Texts Hesiod Theogony Works and Days Aeschylus Prometheus Bound Ovid Metamorphoses Plato Symposium Aristophanes speech Socrates speech Euripides Hippolytus Homer Iliad Odyssey Homeric Hymns to Zeus Hera Hestia Hephaestus Athena Aphrodite Artemis Apollo Hermes and Demeter Divinities Chaos in the beginning there was chaos void Eros sexual desire male counterpart of Aphrodite later son of Aphrodite Ares Roman Cupid Gaia Ge Gaea mother earth came right after Chaos had three children helped Cronus overthrow Uranus Uranus son of Gaia sky mates with Gaia 12 Titans Cyclops Hekatonchieres 100 handers embarrassed by Cyclops and Hekatonchieres that he hid them in Gaia Cronus castrates him with help of Gaia blood spills on earth making Furies and Giants Aphrodite emerged from sea foam Pontus child of Gaia first god of sea Mountains called Ourea offspring of Gaia and personification of mountains Tartarus in depth of earth region of hell place where Zeus put Titans Titans second generation gods defeated by Zeus Kronus Cronus ruler of world during Golden Age married his sister Rhea and together they produced Hestia Hades Poseidon Demeter Hera and Zeus swallowed all but Zeus Rhea gave him rock instead tricking him Zeus grew up and later dethroned him Rhea goddess of earth fertility married Cronus saved Zeus Oceanus river that flows around the earth encircling Iapetos father of Atlas Menoetius Epimetheus and Prometheus Themis earth goddess fought alongside Zeus gave birth to Fates and Seasons Mnemosyne slept with Zeus for 9 nights gave birth to 9 muses Hyperion and Theia sun god Hyperion brother sister married Hekatonchieres 100 Handers children of Gaia and Uranus were hidden in Gaia by Uranus but freed by Cronus fought alongside Zeus guard Titans in Tartarus Cyclopes same as above basically forge Zeus his lightning bolts Typhoeus body of a dragon and a hundred burning snake heads rival of Zeus attacked Olympus wounded by Zeus lightning sickle imprisons Zeus in cave but rescued trapped under mountain by Zeus thunderbolts Giants e g Otus Ephialtes from blood of Uranus twins tried to depose Zeus by piling Mount Ossa on top of Mount Olympus and Mount Pelion on top of Mount Ossa defeated by Zeus and Apollo arrows Prometheus forethought Theogony Prometheus is the son of Titan Iapetos is his uncle Three brothers Epithemus Atlas Menoitios all punished by Zeus Impaled by a pillar has his liver eaten by an eagle then grown back over night Punished because he tricks Zeus with the sacrifice and steals fire gives to men Zeus is looked at as good His wisdom is praised wasn t fooled by Prometheus Portrays them this way to show Prometheus as one of the tricketers an amoral deceiver and Zeus as wise and powerful as he really is Bound Tragedy Play written by Aeschylus Says that Promethus is the son of Gaia not Iapedos Prometheus is Zeus uncle Does not mention Prometheus sacrifice trick or Pandora because Aeschylus wants to make Prometheus look good Prometheus is still a culture hero Zeus is depicted as a tyrant because he is insecure in his power and tries to mercilessly crush others Prometheus is Zeus elder now a Titan Aeschylus wants Prometheus to look like a benefactor Punished for stealing fire and because he knows a fate but refuses to tell Zeus Fire leads to civilization Portrayed this way to show their importance Epimetheus misguided brother of Prometheus god of Afterthought Metis Early mate of Zeus Goddess of cleverness Zeus swallows her to prevent her having a son who has prophesized to overthrow him Leto slept with Zeus mother of Apollo and Artemis Hera angry at her for sleeping with Zeus prevents her from being able to give birth must travel world to find place to give birth Artemis first helps her give birth to Apollo Styx river that surrounds underworld must be ferried across by Charon to get to the land of the dead Themis titan earth goddess fought alongside Zeus gave birth to Fates and Seasons Zeus Jupiter son of Cronus Rhea king of gods humans prophesy that one of Cronus children would overthrow him swallows all but Zeus Rhea tricks Cronus with rock Cronus tricked to vomit out children Zeus siblings fight against Cronus Titanomachy storm thunder god lightning bolts made by Cyclopes signature weapon had lots of affairs Hera Juno daughter of Cronus and Rhea married to Zeus goddess of marriage and childbirth has a tendency to get jealous aka hate despise women who sleep with Zeus or ones Zeus takes a liking too IE Leto and Io Poseidon Neptune son of Cronus Rhea sea god takes place of Pontus had a competition with Athena for control of Athens salt spring first horse vs olive tree bridle and harness he loses Hestia Vesta daughter of Cronus Rhea was one of the 12 Olympians replaced by Dionysus Goddess hearth fire and chastity Muses 9 children of Zeus and Mnemosyne patron goddesses of intellectual and creative pursuits Calliope epic poetry Clio history Euterpe lyric poetry Melpomene tragedy Terpsichore choral dancing Erato love poetry Polyhymnia sacred music Urania astronomy and Thalia comedy Hekate goddess of fertility lives in underworld associated with darkness black magic and witchcraft Fate Fates Clotho Lachesis Atropos offspring of Zeus Clotho she spun out the thread of one s life Lachesis she measured the thread of one s life Atropos cutting the thread of one s life that has been spun and measured out by her two sisters brings one s life to an end Ares Mars son of Zeus Hera god of war had affair with Aphrodite shamed by Hephaestus when the affair was discovered Hebe daughter of Zeus Hera goddess of youthful bloom and the first blush of puberty Eileithyia daughter of Zeus Hera goddess of childbirth birth of Apollo was delayed while Hera detained Eileithyia Hephaestus Ambidexter Vulcan son of Zeus Hera god of creative and divine fire blacksmith and artisan Hera hated him and threw into the sea went into Lemnos until he reached maturity wanted revenge got Hera trapped in chair would only release if accepted into Greek pantheon also gets Aphrodite as wife Aphrodite Venus Cytherea Cypria Ishtar Astarte goddess of beauty love marriage 1 born from sea foam 2 born from Zeus Dione
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