10 7 14 Greek Afterlife Thanatos death personification The body in death human being divided into soma body psyche soul burial inhumation cremation prothesis body on display for family Odyssey Book 11 Homer 8th c BCE how to get home Tiresias blind prophet in underworld farthest realm of deep flowing Oceanus bright Helios never looks down on them held the sacrificial victims dug a pit about eighteen inches square libation to all the dead honey and milk wine water white barley I seized the victims and cut their throats and their dark blood flowed into the pit souls of the dead who had departed swarmed up from Erebus Elpenor dead helmsman asks Odysseus for proper burial Tiresias Anticlea Odysseus mother beautiful women Persephone Agamemnon warms Odysseus of returning home Archilles Patroclus underworld sucks Ajax King Minos and punished phantom Hercules shrieking dead Myth of Er Plato The Republic 4th c BCE I shall not tell a tale like that of Odysseus Er who at one time died in war lays dead ten days home twelfth day pyre comes back to life account of afterlife Two openings in the earth two openings in the upper region of the sky four judges Just right sky Unjust left earth souls emerge from other two holes Right earth dust dirt 1000 years suffering Left sky pure shining 1000 years happiness people who come back seven days on plain journey four days pillar of light holds universe together spindle of Necessity Fates arrange souls reincarnated cast lots choose life good life vs bad life more just vs more unjust change fate guardian fulfill choices Lethe river of underworld forget shooting stars Er wakes up Roman Afterlife Virgil Aeneid Book 6 1st c BCE Sibyl see afterworld parallel Cerce Cumae Anchises underworld golden bough of Proserpina Bury Misenus proper burial parallel Elpenor men prepare funeral pyre Aeneas searches for bough prayer Venus mother doves bough funeral rites done bough to sibyl cave lake Avernus four black bullocks wine hair fire sacrificed to Hecate Aeneas sacrifice black lamb for night barren cow for Perserpina Sibyl leads vacant realms of Dis huge shady elm dreams monsters Charon ferryman of souls unkempt beard flaming eyes dirty cloak poor unburied Charon why are you here Cerberus cake of meal and honey fields of mourning infants King Minos liars suicides Elysian fields died in battle Trojans Tartarus part of underworld flames clashing rocks adamant door furies Rhadamanthus famous punished criminals Pluto s palace bough home of the blessed heroes priests discovers Trojans Anchises Lethe 1000 years reincarnated Parade of Romans Rome s destiny twin gates of Sleep horn true shades Ivory false dreams goes out ivory gate Etruscan Afterlife 200 BCE 1st c BCE Etruria Tuscany language not Indo European no surviving texts sources archaeological remains Greek and Latin authors comparison with other ancient cultures Hinthial soul depictions as in life standing in reeds shrouded bandaged Blood blood sacrifices to dead animal sacrifice Etruscan tomb painting Etruscan sarcophagi House of the Dead like the one on earth The happy afterlife Banquet of Eternity deceased will banquet for eternity Journey to the afterlife on foot attendants walking stick on horseback in wagon cross rocky border over the sea waves sea monsters boats Door to the afterlife narrows broad lintel arched double doors nail heads door knocker Liminal The unhappy afterlife Demons ugly unnatural skin wings torches snakes ambiguous gender Charu n most popular demon blue or grey hammer gladiator demon pope gender dress facial hair varieties charun chunchules charun huths charun lufe Tuchulcha demon vulture beak pale pinkish skin snakes hair wings arms gender dress breasts light skin Vanth demon female attractive dress boots wings torch appears with Charu doorways battle scenes sympathetic dangerous weapons snakes Hero mortal divine birth deeds Hercules Perseus Pherse Perseus argive argos hero folk hero magic conception princess evil king good brother heroic quest wise helpers dangerous monsters Artistic attributes young beardless heroically nude cap of invisibility winged sandals scimitar curved sword brazen shield kibisis leather sack for Medusa s head Medusa Genealogy Io and Zeus Acrisius danae zeus perseus andromeda electryon alcmena Zeus Heracles Birth Acrisius oracle death by grandson hides daughter Danae in brazen chamber Zeus comes in shower of gold pregnant Perseus 1 Dictys and Polydectes chest island of Sweriphos Dictys net brother of Polydectes banquet horses Perseus s boast Hermes Athena 2 The Graiai Graeae Greek Graiai the Fates three old women one eye one tooth nymphs cap of invisibility winged sandals Kibissi Hermes scimitar 3 The Gorgons far west n africa Three Medusa Euryale Stheno Medusa mortal Athena shield kibisis Chrysaor and Pegasus 4 The Gorgon head weapon blood poisonous snakes coral Aegis 5 Andromeda Cepheus Cassiepea Cassiepeas s boast Poseidon flood sea monster oracle of Zeus Ammon chained to rock Perseus return to Seriphos kill monster in return for marriage Phineus uncle engaged Gorgon head 6 Return to Argos Seriphos Polydectes gorgon head king Dictys cap sandals kibisis returned Gorgon head on Aegis return to Argos Acrisius Larissa Thessaly athletic games Discus Heracles Hercle Hercules Theban Thebes hero mortal divine parent deeds Alcides original name persecuted by Hera Heracles glory of Hera favored by Athena later granted immortality variation Artistic attributes unbearded young bearded mature heroically nude energetic vs weary lion skin cap club bow and arrow Birth Amphitryon marries cousin Alcmena king of Thebes Creon Teleboan war Zeus disguised as Amphitryon three times length story of Teleboan exoediion Amphitryon returns identity questioned Tiresias Alcmena conceives twins 1 Young life Zeus today eileithyia helper in childbirth will bring to the light a man who shall rule over all that dwell around him he shall be of the ract that is my blood Hera Sthenelus Eurysthesu Eileithyia Alcmena Alcides and Iphicles snakes chariot driving music wrestling archery Thebans vs Minyans Megara 2 Madness of Hercules Hera kills Megara children Thespiae Thespius purified Delphi Heracles Tiryns serve Eurystheus twelve years 3 Twelve Labors Eurysthesu Tiryns twelve year service immortality no order in antiquity bibliothecha pseudo apollodorus peloponnese outside mainland Greece the west temple of Zeus at Olympia Peloponnesian labors 6 with claws 1 The Nemean lion Nemea task to get skin
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