Libido sex drive video CONCEALED OVULATION Receptivity rediness to copulate when solicited by a male Pawlowski no difference between humans and primates similar to humans in constant receptivity Behavior strategy when not in estrus males wont bother them when in estrus must mate with everyone confuse paternity prevent infanticide Perceptivity active encouragement and solicitations by females to make kids Preovlulatory mate with everyone Peak of estrus when ovulating periovulatory mate only with preferred males Attractiveness females become sexually exciting to males Male chimps don t find females attractive unless in estrus Primates typically only mate during estrus Humans all 3 same time Primates genital swelling visual sign of ovulation timing is obvious so why waste energy with sex when not able to conceive Humans cant tell when ovulating so always attractive to opposite sex Pawlowski believes that the chimp estrus is an extreme example among primates Evolved after split with last common ancestor LCA slight swelling easier to loose evolved independently Bipedalism movement of genitals to underneath pelvis reduction of swelling Physical indications of swelling erect penis Olfactory cues not consciously Hair loss Heat loss sweating Body hair Pill vs non pill smell Behavioral Theories among male hunters 1 Concealed ovulation reduces male male competition and enhances cooperation 2 Concealed ovulation enhances bond between man and woman by making woman continuously receptive proceptive and attractive 3 Male chimps are more likely to share food with females in estrus 4 Concealed estrus exploits male paranoia over paternity enhances pair bond 5 Concealed ovulation increases the changes for male paternal care Hadza Natural less hygienic olfactory cues more concealed Hualulu Menstrual huts men cant enter dirty poisioness Kodi of Sumba Blue dye poisoness abort babies Blue witches witchcraft stds MATE PREFERENCES With concealed ovulation Decrease in sexual dimorphism less male male competition Increase in pair bonding so male take care of child Females will be more choosey higher investment therefore choosier choose males with traits that reflect better fitness Males want younger females Women prefer males with more resources Men use resource based tactics Women use looks Biological Traits 1 Personality based on perceived facial features and length of relationship 2 Preferential changes in preferred odor 3 The age factor males younger female older Always prefer symmetry pill or not Penton Voak Ovulating prefer masculine looking faces Not ovulating prefer more feminine No change when on pill Luteal phase not ovulating Feminine faces then could be linked to lower testosterone Jones Women prefer deeper voices when not on pill Change in women s preferences for masculinity reflects change I progesterone level rather than change in estrogen level Major Histocompatibility Complex Females prefer males with greater MHC differences than them MHC genes make the molecules that enable the immune system to recognize invaders Claus Wedekind Prefer diff MHC greater chance for child s survival b c better immune system Gangstead Thornhill not on pill ovulating women preferred the scent of a symmetrical man Herz Inzlicht males 3 physical attractiveness females find smell attractiveness Singh Bronstad males smell females shirts rate most attractive sexy smelling of those females who were on menstrual cycle Follicular Phase Age Factor chimps males prefer older females b c more experienced parents Buss females prefer males 4 years older males 2 5 yrs younger Kenrick Keefe females typically marry a male 5 years older As males get older want younger and younger women SOCIAL not physical Menopause reproductive value 0 Productive peak around age 20 Males prefer women at reproductive peak Teenagers no reproductive value to prefer younger females too young to bear children Kenrick teenage males prefer older females yet those older females prefer older men doesn t work out Buunk women prefer partners around own age regardless of relationship involvement males prefer mates at peak of reproductive capability for short term relationships sexual fantasies long term relationships males prefer mates about average age max fertility Sociocultural Factors generally mate selection limited to norms of society could be reflection of traditional sex roles Males can provide resources for females food shelter protection Females should have evolved preferences for males who have good financial prospects have higher social status display hard working and industrious characters Women value economic resources of a potential partner more than men do Trivers American men who marry in a given year earn 50 more money than men of the same age who do not marry Buss women valued financial prospects twice as highly as men Females min acceptable earning capacity for marriage is 70 that of other men Also had higher standards regarding financial prospects at all stages of a Many women choose males that are young and lack social status and resources have education and seek resources Place higher value on characteristics that hint they will be hardworking etc Viewed pics of 3 diff levels of attractiveness and social status higher social status Kenrick Betzig relationship Townsend Levy offsest lesser attractivity Burger King Study Social Dominance Females prefer males who are socially dominant and have respect of their peers form relationships with males b c better access to resources raise social status of female Sadella vidoes of dominant male behavior increased attractiveness of the males La Cerra positive interactions with small children and males most positive reactions Women who are of high status prefer males with equally or higher status then themselves Could see reversal of roles Cougar Buss Shcmitt Males more drive to form relationships who would remain faithful b c greater paternal certainty greater reproductive fitness Chastity valued highly in most cultures but large differences in extent Buss predicted males and females would be differentially concerned about potential sexual and emotion infidelity 60 males distress to sexual infidelity vs 17 of females 83 of females distress to emotional infidelity Buunk 3 countries give sexual infidelity scenario males choose it as most upsetting Bailey test mate preferencs in male and female homo and heterosexual peeps homosexual provided similar ratings as same sex counterparts female homos