CHAPTER 1: What Shaped Our World? Lecture Notes1 KEY TERMS1 TEXTBOOK CHAPTER REVIEW1 Chapter QuizCHAPTER 2: Interests, Interactions, and Institutions: Lecture Notes2 KEY TERMS2 TEXTBOOK CHAPTER REVIEW2 Chapter QuizChapter 3: Why are there wars? Lecture Notes3 Key Terms3 TEXTBOOK CHAPTER REVIEW3 Chapter QuizChapter 4: Domestic Politics and War Lecture Notes4 Key Terms4 Textbook Notes Outline4 Textbook Review4 Chapter QuizChapter 5: International Institutions and War Lecture Notes5 Key Terms5 Textbook Outline Notes5 Textbook Review5 Chapter QuizChapter 6: International Trade Lecture NotesChapter 6: Chapter OutlineChapter 8: Lecture NotesChapter 9: Lecture NotesLecture NotesTextbook Chapter NotesVocabularyReviewLecture NotesChapter OutlineVocabularyLecture NotesChapter OutlineVocabularyReviewReviewChapter NotesReviewCHAPTER 1: What Shaped Our World? Lecture NotesI. Mercantilist Era: 1492-1648a. Use of military power to enrich imperial governmentb. State monopoliesc. Controls on colonial tradeII. Modern State System: 1648a. Thirty Years Warb. 1648 Peace of Westphaliac. System of Sovereign StatesIII. Concert of Europe, 1815-1830a. Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia, and Austria)b. Quadruple Alliance (Holy Alliance + Britain)c. Major Powers Consult on diplomatic affairsd. France is reintegrated back into the systeme. Pax Britannicai. The British Peace: Britain is a leader in Europe and is leading the effort to create peace among EuropeIV. Balance of Power and Free Trade, 1830-1914a. France rehabilitated, Britain becomes “balancer” within Europeb. System of free tradei. Britain is industrializing; needs a market for its productsii. Corn Lawsc. Peace and economic openness largely prevail until WWIV. Interwar Period, 1919-1945a. WWI destroys the balance of powerb. Free trade collapses in the 1920s, especially with the Great Depressionc. WWII breaks out in 1939, US enters in 1941VI. The Cold War, 1945-1989a. Attempt to build a global concert with the United Nationsb. Breakdown in relations between the US and the Soviet Unionc. Two separate spheres: US & Allies vs. USSR & AlliesVII. US Activity during Cold Wara. Rebuilds Western Europe and lays foundation for the European Unioni. Marshall Plan: money to western Europe countries to spread democracy (hold elections)b. Security guarantee to Europe and Northeast Asia make war “obsolete” c. Creates Bretton Woods institutions leading to free tradeVIII. The End of the Cold Wara. One view: US pushes the Soviet Union off the precipiceb. Another view: Soviet Union collapses from internal decayc. US is left as sole superpoweri. 2009/2010ii. 45% of world’s military expendituresiii. 20% of World’s GDPa. Share of Global Power: as of 2007, China surpasses USb. Composite indexIX. US power since 2008 financial crisis?a. US’s percentage of GDP droppedb. China and Brazil’s GDP growsX. What can we learn from historya. The hegemon doesn't reign foreverb. Can you think about how the hegemon fell in each time period?INR20021 KEY TERMS1. Mercantilism: an economic doctrine based on a belief that military power and economic influence were complements; applied especially to colonial empires in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. Mercantilistpolicies favored the mother country over its colonies and over its competitors. 2. Peace of Westphalia: The settlement that ended the Thirty Years’ War in 1648; often said to have created the modern state system because it included a general recognition of the principles of sovereignty and nonintervention3. Sovereignty: the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy- or ultimate authority- within their territorial boundaries 4. Hegemony: the predominance of one nation-state over others5. Pax Britaniica: “British Peace” a century long period beginning with Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo in 1815 and ending with the outbreak of WWI in 1914 during which Britain’s economic and diplomatic influence contributed to economic openness and relative peace6. Gold standard: the monetary system that prevailed between 1870 and 1914, In which countries tied their currencies to gold at a legally fixed price7. Treaty of Versailles: the peace treaty between the Allies and Germany that formally ended WWI on June 28, 19198. League of Nations: A permanent international security organization formed in the aftermath of WWI. The League was supplanted by the United Nations after WWII and was dissolved in 1946.9. North Alliance Treaty Organization (NATO): A military alliance created in 1949 to bring together many western European nations, the United States, and Canada, forming the foundation of the American-led military bloc during the Cold War. Today, NATO’s role includes handling regional problems and developing a rapid reaction force. 10. Bretton Woods System: the economic order negotiated among allied nations at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire,in 1944, which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving a commitment to relatively low barriers to international trade and investment11. Warsaw Pact: A military alliance formed in 1955 to bring together the Soviet Union and its Cold War allies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere; dissolved on March 31, 1991, as the Cold War ended. 12. Decolonization: the process of shedding colonial possessions , especially the rapid end of the European empiresin Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean between the 1940s and the 1960s. Page | 1INR20021 TEXTBOOK CHAPTER REVIEW1. Predominant interests, interactions, and the institutional environment during the periods of colonization.2. The brief historical survey on the topic lays the foundation for using the “three Is” to analyze current struggles in economic development and possible ways forward. i. The brief historical tour offered can identify prevailing interests, interactions, and institutions of the eleven puzzles that are listed in the Introduction and that form the themes of subsequent chapters.3. The century from roughly 1815 to 1914 was one of relative peace and incredible prosperity.4. With a few notable exceptions, war among the Great Powers was absent. i. Global economic integration became an accepted norm, in stark contrast to the isolation that was common before the Industrial Revolutions. ii. Economic growth, reflected in national accounts and standards of living in the West, grew more quickly than they had before or would after.5. In contrast to this golden age of peace and prosperity, the next century produced
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