CHAPTER 2: Interests, Interactions, and Institutions: Lecture NotesKEY TERMSTEXTBOOK CHAPTER REVIEWChapter Quiz[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME][Type the documenttitle][Type the document subtitle]Rachel09/12/2011-09/14/2011ContentsCHAPTER 2: Interests, Interactions, and Institutions: Lecture Notes.................................................................................. 1KEY TERMS......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4TEXTBOOK CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................................................................ 5Chapter Quiz.............................................................................................................................................................................. 8INR2002-(2) Interests, Interactions, and InstitutionsCHAPTER 2: Interests, Interactions, and Institutions: Lecture NotesI. Interests: What actors want to achieve through political action. 09/12/2011a. Ex US wants security b. Actors are individuals or groups of people with common interests c. Actors want: power or security economic or material goals or ideological goals II. Interactions: the ways in which the choices of two or more actors combine to produce political outcomesa. The Prisoners Dilemma - The point of these exercises is that you can’t always get what you want- And people anticipate the reaction of others before they act- Actors are purposive - The best response strategy does not guarantee that an actor will get what it wants the most Page | 1INR2002-(2) Interests, Interactions, and InstitutionsIII.IV. Why don’t actor always cooperate? 09/14/2011a. Coordination problemsi. Once coordination is achieved, no one benefits from defectingb. How are we going to do this?c. Collaboration problemsi. Consistent temptation to defect undermines cooperationii. The Student’s Dilemma is an exampleiii. Can you think of situations in international politics where states always have an incentive todefect?d. Special type of collaboration problem: public goodsi. Efforts to produce public goods are hindered by collective action problems ii. Each individual has an incentive to free rideV. When is it easier for actors to cooperate?a. Smaller numbersb. Repeated playc. Informationd. Institutions can helpVI. Bargaininga. Outcomes that make one better off at the expense of the otherb. Zero sum gamec. Bargaining is a form of conflictd. Purely redistributivee. Cooperation creates additional value while bargaining only allocates a fixed sum of valueVII. Who wins and who loses in bargaininga. A core concept in international politicsi. Power : the ability of actor A to get actor B do something that B would otherwise not dob. The more power an actor has, the more it can expect to get from others in bargainingPage | 2USCD C USSR 3, 32, 4D 4, 21, 1Soviet UnionWithdraw Missiles Keep Missiles (coop)(Defect)United StatesBack Down Stand Firm Back DownStand Firm(Coop) (Defect)(coop) (Defect)3, 32,44,21,14 is best; 1 is worstCUBAN MISSILE CRISISINR2002-(2) Interests, Interactions, and Institutionsc. What makes actors powerful in international politics?i. Military powerii. Resourcesiii. Strong leadershipiv. Wealthv. Geography as a liability VIII. Elements of powera. Freedom from invasionb. Source of wealth (or lack thereof) c. Populationi. Quantityii. Qualityd. Economic and military powerIX. Comparing States’ Power: CINCa. Composite index of national capabilities-reflects a state’s share of global powerb. Demographic capabilitiesc. Industrial capabilitiesd. Military capabilitiesX. Other sources of bargaining powera. Liking the status quo (reversion outcome)b. Outside optionsc. Agenda setting (first mover’s advantage)XI. Institutions: Do rules matter in world politicsa. Institutions: sets of rules, known and shared by the relevant community, that structure political interactions in particular waysXII. How do institutions make cooperation easier by:a. Setting standards of behaviorb. Verifying compliancec. Reducing the costs of joint decision makingd. Resolving disputes Page | 3INR2002-(2) Interests, Interactions, and InstitutionsKEY TERMS1. Interests: what actors want to achieve through political action , their preferences over the outcomes that might result from their political choices2. Actors: the basic unit for the analysis of international politics; can be individuals or groups of people with common interests3. State: a central authority with the ability to make and enforce, laws, rules, and decisions within a specified territory4. Sovereignty: the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy-or ultimate authority-within their territorial boundaries. 5. National interests: interests attributed to the state itself; usually security and power6. Interactions : the ways in which the choices of two or more actors combine to produce political outcomes7. Cooperation: an interaction in which two or more actors adopt policies that make at least one actor better off relative to the status quo without making others worse off8. Bargaining: an interaction in which actors must choose outcomes that make one better off at the expense of another. Bargaining is redistributive, it involves allocating a fixed sum of value between different actors. 9. Coordination: a type of cooperation interaction in which actors benefit from all making the same choices and subsequently have no incent to not comply. 10. Collaboration: a type of cooperative interaction in which actors gain from working together but nonetheless have incentives to not comply with any agreement. 11. Public goods: individually and socially desirable goods that are nonexcludable and nontribal in consumption, such as national defense12. Collective action problems: obstacles to cooperation that occur when actors have incentives to collaborate but ach acts in anticipation that others will pay the costs of cooperation13. Free ride: to fail to contribute to a public good while benefiting from the contribution of others14. Iteration: repeated interactions with the same partners 15. Linkage: the linking of cooperation on one issue to interactions on a second issue16. power: the ability of actor A to get actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do. The ability to get theother side to
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