International Sports in the 20th Century Beginning of Modern Olympics 1896 1st modern Olympics AS 1900s started sports became more familiar with people Modern Olympics is reborn Pierre D advocate for physical education and sport Wanted to get something that was involved internationally Organized a sport festival in France Toured Europe and America after festival Promoted idea of Olympic rebirth Got Greek investment to build a stadium Modern games were back on 7 sports in 1896 Olympics o Track and field o Swimming o Gymnastics o Cycling o Tennis o Shooting o Fencing Mostly European countries Traveled as individuals America had 13 athletes o Most came from Princeton o Colleges James Conley first to win in triple jump US had won all but 2 events 1st marathon o Derived from Greek history o Rejoice we concur then died o Became regular event Olympic Games Game summary First 3 games were not considered successful 2nd games was held in Paris o Wasn t well received because it lasted 5 months Pierre didn t have say so in Olympic games o Served as secretary as track and field events 1100 athletes in first game o Promoters wanted to include body measurement based competitions Women participated in 2nd games 1904 Olympic games was held in St Louis MO o 4 to 5 months long o Many countries avoided games o Wasn t big at all 1908 games held in London o Problems include Finland and Ireland wanted to attend the games under their own flag not under Russia and Britain Customary at time that the host country ran the games that the rules they established o Creation of International Sport Federations o Distance of marathon changed from 25 miles to 26 2 Changed because king of England wanted to watch race from 1912 games were held in Stockholm palace o Attracted about 2000 participants o Jim Thorpe o Introduced of modern pentathlon 5 event competition Events were made up from a French messenger during French revolution Includes horse riding fencing swimming shooting and cross country race 1916 games cancelled because of WWI Berlin Coordinate games in 1906 10th anniversary of Olympics o Well organized held in Athens World championships in sports o weight lifting tennis Davis cup ice hockey Far Eastern games international YMCA 1932 Davis Cup Tour de France Soccer first championship in 1916 in South America International Sports between the World Wars Post WW I 1918 initiative o 1500 athletes from 18 countries 1920 Belgium o Competitions in 24 sports in the Inter Allied games USA French o City had suffered major devastation during war o Germany and its allies were denied participation o Oath that was taken by a representative by each country during beginning fair play and competition were involved in oath resulted from 1912 games because of Jim Thorpe o Olympic flag was created approved in 1914 flew for the first time in 1920 1924 Paris o Pierre was about to retire o Requested that it be held in Paris o 3000 athletes o Introduction of winter sports o No German athletes participated because French hinted that they could not guarantee their safety at games o Tennis was expelled after these games TNA refused to accept this No tennis for 64 years 1928 Amsterdam o Participation for women in 5 track and field events o 1919 IFW was formed Women s Olympics Not allowed 1932 L A o 1300 athletes o Europe still center for sports o Photo finish cameras o Automatic timing 1936 Berlin o Germans decided to use games as a guide to the perfect race o IOC took no position o Many boycotted not US o Most grand games up to this point o Opening ceremonies were extravagant o Torch relay started in Athens to venue of games Other regional games 1926 Central American Games 1934 Western Asian Games 1930 British Empire Games 1932 Jewish Olympics Jesse Owens Enduring Spirit Won 4 gold medals African American Born in 1913 in Alabama one of 12 children His family moved to Cleveland Ohio in the early 1920 s Elementary school teacher misunderstood him and called him Jesse instead of J C James Cleveland In junior high he began organized sport mainly basketball and track In 1930 he was in high school and accomplishing many feats on the track but not a single black college made an attempt to recruit him so he wound up at Ohio State in the fall 1933 On campus housing was barred for blacks Only one movie theater was accessible upstairs No university restaurants would serve them In May 1935 at the National Intercollegiate Meet in Michigan he broke three world records and tied another o the most superlative feat ever accomplished in the history of the sport In July 1936 Owens and his teammates sailed to Germany o Mobbed by autograph seekers Hilter s snub Long jump attempts and help from rival o Jump before the board and you ll still beat all of us Jewish runners not allowed to run in the US relay Owens won four gold medals in 1936 Olympic Games International Sports and the Cold War Politics influenced who was allowed to enter the games Presidents of the IOC had political agendas Avery Brundage expelled John Carlos and Tommie Smith from Mexico Battle to protect amateurism Soviet Union had state amateurs Avery Brundage 1952 1972 Strongly believed in the maintenance of strict amateur rules Held idealistic view about separation of sports and politics o 1968 Olympics Mexico City o 1972 Olympics Munich Arab terrorists killed Israeli athletes Commercialism and the Games 1984 Los Angeles Games o Very Successful Monitarily Permanent sponsorships Television revenues 300 million Team sponsorship 1990 s stagger the summer winter games Adding new sports Increase the size of the games NBC purchased the rights to eight years of games for 3 5 billion Being sure women were represented Scandals involving the awarding of the Salt Lake City games o IOC members accepting bribes Drugs and the Games 1968 Mexico too much alcohol asthma medication 1988 Ben Johnson steriods Blood doping tour de France Track Field 1946 present Two issues Uneven playing field irregular non existent testing of athletes Highlights from Olympic Games In 1952 Helsinki the U S Women s Olympic squad consisted of only 10 athletes competing in nine events In 1956 Melbourne o Roger Bannister white of England broke the 4 minute mile barrier o Noteworthy for blacks were three political events that took place between 1952 56 President Truman desegregated the Armed Forces 1954 Supreme Court decision The Soviet Union invaded Hungary Great Britain and France Several countries withdrew from the Games Wilma