Biosc 0150: Foundations of Biology 1 Sample test: MIDTERM 3 Name___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which of these structure-function pairs is incorrect?A)guard cells–control stomatal pore sizeB)trichomes–reflect light to reduce surface temperatureC)cuticle–layer of cells where light reactions occurD)stomata–regulate gas exchange1)2)Which of these is not an example of a parenchyma cell?A)cells that can form clones in tissue culture of plantsB)edible cells in fruits and vegetablesC)tissue in leaves that photosynthesizesD)stem cells that form a callus in the making of cuttingsE)support cells near the outside of nonwoody stems2)3)Regarding an allelic pair for flower color in snapdragons, heterozygotes have pink flowers,whereas the two homozygotes have red flowers or white flowers. When plants with red flowersare crossed with plants with white flowers, what proportion of the offspring is expected to havepink flowers?A)100%B)0%C)75%D)50%E)25%3)4)What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?A)A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid.B)The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms).C)More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.D)The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms.4)5)Hemophilia is caused by several genetic factors; one, a recessive allele of an X-linked gene, is thesubject of this problem. Assume that a man with hemophilia marries a normal woman whosefather had hemophilia. What is the probability that their first son will have hemophilia?A)1/2B)1/16C)1/4D)1/8E)3/45)6)Whenever the dominant allele of either (or both) gene A or gene B is present, red color isproduced. A cross of AaBb × AaBb can be expected to yield how many red offspring out of 16?Assume the genes are not linked.A)1B)4C)12D)15E)166)7)What hormones are necessary for maintenance of plant tissue culture?A)gibberellins and ABAB)gibberellins and ethyleneC)auxin and ABAD)auxin and cytokininE)ethylene and auxin7)18)The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is _____.A)soil via the phloemB)the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomataC)soil via the xylemD)all of the above8)9)Genotype is to _____ as phenotype is to _____.A)transcription; amino acid sequenceB)heredity; DNA base sequenceC)DNA base sequence; amino acid sequenceD)gene regulation; translation9) Mutant Strain Medium with:No ornithineNo citrullineNo arginineMedium with:OrnithineNo citrullineNo arginineMedium with:No ornithineCitrullineNo ArginineMedium with:No ornithineNo citrullineArgininearg1 No growth GROWTH GROWTH GROWTHarg2 No growth No growth GROWTH GROWTHarg3 No growth No growth No growth GROWTH10)According to the table and figure above, which enzyme is defective in the strain with the arg1mutation?A) the enzyme that converts ornithine to citrullineB)the enzyme that converts the precursor to citrulineC)the enzyme that converts the precursor to ornitineD)the enzyme that converts citrulline to arginine10)11)If cells in the _____ are removed, roots will no longer respond to gravity.A)root capB)zone of elongationC)secondary meristemD)root hairs11)12)Which of the following structural features of plants would not be expected to reducetranspiration?A)reduced leaf sizeB)thick cuticle on leaves and stemsC)abundant epidermal hairs on leaves and stemsD)stomata on upper and lower surfaces of the leavesE)sunken stomata12)213)The veins of leaves are _____.A)finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cellsB)continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and rootsC)composed of xylem and phloemD)all of the above13)14)Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele. If a woman andher husband are both carriers, what is the probability that their first child will be aphenotypically normal girl?A)1.0B)1/16C)3/8D)3/16E)1/414)15)The researchers discovered a new proton pump that is involved in phloem unloading in thesugar storage tissue. Predict the movement of ions carried out by this pump.A)passive transport of sugar from cytoplasm to vacuoleB)active transport of protons from cytoplasm to vacuoleC)active transport of sugar from cytoplasm to vacuoleD)active transport of protons from vacuole to tonoplastE)active transport of protons from vacuole to cytoplasm15)16)When is a single base substitution mutation least likely to be deleterious?A)when the base change results in an amino acid substitution at the active site of an enzymeB)when the base change results in an amino acid substitution that alters the tertiarystructure of the proteinC)when the single base change results in a codon that specifies the same amino acid as theoriginal codonD)when the single base change results in a stop codon16)17)Which of the following cannot grow indeterminately?A)adventitious rootsB)leavesC)stemsD)shootsE)none of the above17)18)What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?A)zone of cellular divisionB)zone of cell elongationC)trichomesD)zone of cellular maturationE)root cap18)19)Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants in dense tropical rain forests.Which of the following is an input of one of the sets of photosynthetic reactions that is mostlikely limited in the habitat of these plants with large leaves?A)waterB)CO2C)O2D)lightE)carbohydrate (e.g., glucose)19)320)When Charles and Francis Darwin first documented phototropism, why was it important thatthey germinated the grass seeds in the dark before beginning the experiment?A)so the young shoots would grow straightB)so the young shoots would grow slowlyC)so the young shoots would be soft enough to bendD)so the young shoots would grow quickly20)21)Adaptation to a changing environment occurs most efficiently through which of the followingprocesses?A)asexual reproduction and genetic recombinationB)mutationC)sexual reproduction21)22)The original DNA has the base sequence AGCGTTACCGT; a mutation in the DNA strand resultsin the base sequence AGGCGTTACCGT. What does this tell you about the mutation?A)It was a missense mutation.B)It was a silent mutation.C)It may result in a single amino acid change in the protein being coded for by this basesequence.D)It is a frameshift mutation.22)23)In humans, blue eyes are inherited as a recessive autosomal trait and color blindness is anX-linked recessive trait. A woman