Before filling in your name and PeopleSoft-ID, please check that the color of your scantron sheet matches thecolor of your test. In column J of the scantron sheet blacken the circle corresponding to the color of yourexam: white = 1; blue = 2; pink = 3; yellow = 4. Proceed with the exam, choosing the best answer for eachof the following questions and blackening the proper circle on the answer sheet with a Number 2 pencil.Read each question carefully before marking the best answer on your scantron sheet.Work thoughtfully.Make educated guesses if necessary. Even wild guessing throughout should net you 20% of the total points,on the average. PLACE THE ANSWER SHEET IN ITS OWN COLOR PILE when you are doneFoundations of Biology - IFoundations of Biology - I4th EXAMINATIONYELLOWFall Term 2010 - Dr. Laurel RobertsBIOSC 0160 CRN# 12336branched air tubes called spiracles that supply capillaries.branched air tubes called tracheae that supply capillaries.branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheae.branching gill systems that end in openings called spiracles.extensive layers of gas exchange tissue just under the exoskeleton.a.b.c.d.e.1--XThe respiratory system of insects consists ofincreases; increases; carbonic acidincreases; decreases; bicarbonatedecreases; decreases; carbonic aciddecreases; increases; carbonic aciddecreases; increases; bicarbonatea.b.c.d.e.2--XIn the red blood cells passing through the body tissue capillaries, carbonic anhydrase _____ the concentration of CO2, while in the lung capillaries it ______ the concentration of _____ and therefore CO2.posttranslational modifications.protein-folding differences.different patterns of methylation.DNA changes.None of the abovea.b.c.d.e.3--XThe diversity among antibodies occurs mainly throughthe diaphragm contracts upward.the shoulder girdle moves upward.the volume of the thoracic cavity increases.lung tissue actively stretches.the lung tissue rebounds from exhalation.a.b.c.d.e.4--XThe lungs expand in inhalation becauseThe skinThe normal faunaLysozymeDefensinsAll of the above can be used as nonspecific defenses.a.b.c.d.e.5--XWhich of the following is not a nonspecific defense?sinoatrial node.atrioventricular node.Purkinje fibers.bundle of His.ventricular mass.a.b.c.d.e.6--XThe specific location of the heart pacemaker is thePage 2YELLOWNitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokayrotes.Fixed nitrogen is most often the limiting factor in plant growth.Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy.Nitrogen fixing bacteraia can be symbiotic with legumes.Denitryfying bacteria are better adapted to their environment.a.b.c.d.e.7--XWhy is nitrogen fixation such an important process?IgE.IgM.IgG.cytokine.monoclonal.a.b.c.d.e.8--XIn the human body, the most abundant antibody class isAll of these are common to plants and animalsBoth use ligand-receptor binding Both release alarm signals to notify uninfected cellsBoth have a systemic immune responseBoth produce defensive proteins that attach to the pathogena.b.c.d.e.9--XPlant and animal defenses share many similarities. Which of the following is NOT a similarity they share?right ventricle.left atrium.right atrium.pulmonary circuit.systemic circuit.a.b.c.d.e.10--XIn the human heart, blood is pumped from the left ventricle into thegreater; reabsorptiongreater; filtrationlesser; reabsorptionlesser; filtrationlesser; edemaa.b.c.d.e.11--XBlood pressure is _______ than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and the process of _______ occurs there.mechanical digestionchemical digestioningestionA and CAll of thesea.b.c.d.e.12--XThe mouth or oral cavity is the site ofPage 3YELLOWprotein deficiency that results in the plasma of the blood losing fluid, and thus, edema as the tissues of the body fill with fluid.protein deficiency that results in a lack of blood being made, which then leads to lack of oxygen in the body, as well as a compromised immune systemlipid deficiency that causes lymph to replace fat cells beneath the skin, creating edemacarbohydrate deficiency that results in a drop of blood pressure that in turn causes more water from the blood stream leaking into the body tissues than can be returned.overall caloric deficiency which causes the body to break down connective tissue in the skin of the limbs and abdomen causing the skin to sag away from the skeleton.a.b.c.d.e.13--XIf a child has Kwashiorkor, they have asulfuric acid.carbolic acid.hydrochloric acid.formic acid.protease acid.a.b.c.d.e.14--XThe acid in gastric juice that is lethal to many pathogens, isgp41gp130the co-receptor CCR5helper T cellsreverse transcriptasea.b.c.d.e.15--XDespite multiple exposures to HIV, people who lack _______ never become infected with the virus. mimics the structure of the amino acid arginine.prevents the production of certain proteins within the predator.changes the secondary structure of certain proteins within the predator.A and BA and Ca.b.c.d.e.16--XOne specialized type of defense by plants involves the production of Canavanine. Canavanineconstant; specificconstant; variablespecific; constantspecific; variablevariable; constanta.b.c.d.e.17--XThe _______ region of an antibody determines its class; the _______ region determines its specificity.they depend on other plants for water and minerals.they cling to woody plants for physical support.they capture and digest insects.they have root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium.their chlorophyll is not functional.a.b.c.d.e.18--XAlthough mistletoes are green, they are considered to be parasites becausePage 4YELLOWare the vitamins.can be obtained only from vegetable foodstuffs.are biomolecules the animal cannot make itself.are required only during the growth and development stages of an animal's life.are not catabolized.a.b.c.d.e.19--XESSENTIAL nutrients for an animal -algae and fungialgae and bacteriafungi and bactariaplant root and bacteriaplant root and fungia.b.c.d.e.20--XMycorrhizae can be defined as a symbiotic relationship betweenThey connect with each other.They occur in anterior and posterior pairs.They make the bird's respiratory system more efficient than a mammal's.They allow for one-way air flow through the lungs.They provide an extra gas exchange surface.a.b.c.d.e.21--XWhich of the following statements about the air sacs of birds is false?Nitrogen, phosphorus, ironNitrogen, potassium, ironPotassium, sulfur, ironNitrogen, potassium, phosphorusNitrogen, sulfur,