Biosc0150: Foundaions of Biology I. Sample test: review for midterm 1Name___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Suppose you discovered a new amino acid. Its R-group contains only hydrogen and carbonatoms. Predict the behavior of this amino acid.A)It is hydrophilic.B)Relative to the amino acids found in organisms, its interactions with water will be veryhigh.C)It is hydrophobic.D)Relative to the amino acids found in organisms, its interactions with water will beintermediate.1)2)Steroids such as cholesterol are an important component of animal cell membranes but do notactually form the membrane. Why?A)The ring structure of steroids is too bulky to form a membrane.B)Steroids are too permeable to charged molecules to form a cell membrane.C)Lipids that form membranes are amphipathic with a polar region and a nonpolar region.D)Steroids cannot interact with other molecules, which is required to form a cell membrane.2)3)At the pH found in cells (about 7.0), what happens to the carboxyl group on an amino acid?A)It remains neutral, like water, and does not have a charge.B)It acts as a base and gains a proton, giving it a positive charge.C)It is oxidized, and tends to act as an electron acceptor in redox reactions.D)It acts as an acid and loses a proton, giving it a negative charge.3)4)The cow Bos primigenius (which is bred for meat and milk) has a smaller brain and larger eyesthan closely related wild species of ungulates. These traits most likely arose by _____.A)artificial selection, because these changes in traits co-occurred with human selection forhigh milk output and high muscle contentB)artificial selection because these animals differ from their close relatives and commonancestorC)natural selection, because these traits arose in the population over timeD)natural selection, because these were not the traits consciously selected by humans4)5)Why would the spontaneous formation of formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide not take placeon Earth today as much as on the prebiotic Earth?A)The Sun has changed its output.B)Atmospheric conditions on Earth, such as the presence of oxygen, have changed.C)Microorganisms break these down immediately.5)6)What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule:AATGCGA?A)UUACGCUB)TTACGCTC)AATGCGAD)GGCATAGE)none of the answers are correct6)17)Agrobacterium is a type of bacteria that infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You areasked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to the bacteria to become infected. Whichof the following experiments will provide the best data for that question?A)determining the number of tumors formed on a plant depending on how long it isexposed to AgrobacteriumB)determining the survival rate of Agrobacterium to different concentrations of an antibioticC)determining the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environmentsD)determining the number of tumors formed on a plant depending on the concentration ofAgrobacterium applied7)8)Phospholipids can form all of the following structures in water except which one?A)bilayersB)micellesC)monolayersD)vesicles8)9)You have 2 liters of 3 M solution of glycerol. When you take 500 ml of the solution and mix itwith 1000 ml of water what is the molarity of this mixed solution?A)0.5 MB)1.5 MC)3 MD)1 M9)10)You isolate an organic molecule that contains C, H, O, N, and S. This molecule _____.A)is definitely a protein that is not glycosylatedB)is definitely a sugarC)could be a glycoproteinD)is definitely a nucleic acid10)11)You make a phospholipid bilayer with short, saturated hydrocarbon tails. You measure thepermeability of this membrane to oxygen. You are going to change the length of thehydrocarbon tails and remeasure membrane permeability, but first your boss asks you to graphthe data you expect if there is no effect of hydrocarbon tail length on membrane permeability(your null hypothesis). Which of the graphs below best represents the data you expect if yournull hypothesis is correct?A)B)C)D)11)12)In solution, why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily than condensation reactions?A)Hydrolysis increases entropy and is exergonic.B)Hydrolysis raises G, or Gibbs free energy.C)Hydrolysis increases entropy and is endergonic.D)Hydrolysis decreases entropy and is exergonic.12)213)Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have structuressimilar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm and eggsthat fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa consists of just a single cell, however. Which ofthe following statements is true?A)Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theorythat all organisms consist ofcells.B)Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.C)Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theorythat all cells come frompreexisting cells.D)The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory.13)14)Which of the following phospholipid membranes would be most permeable to glycerol?A)one with long and saturated fatty-acid tailsB)one with long and unsaturated tailsC)one with short and unsaturated tailsD)one with short and saturated tails14)15)The cities of Portland, Oregon, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, are at about the same latitude, butMinneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland does. Why?(Portland is near the Pacific Ocean; Minneapolis is near a number of large lakes.)A)The ocean is so large that it has a highly moderating influence on temperature.B)Minneapolis is much windier, due to its location in the middle of a continent.C)Freshwater is more likely to freeze than salt water.D)They are not at exactly the same latitude.15)16)Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the concentration of the reactants isincreased?A)The reactants move faster.B)The reactants collide more often.C)The reactants have greater energy.D)All of the above apply.16)17)What can you say about the molecule in the figure?A)the molecule is non-polarB)the molecule is a saturated fatC)the molecule is soluable in waterD)the molecule is hydrophobicE)the molecule is a carbodyhrate17)18)Glucose (C6H12O6) has a single carbonyl group (-C=O) in its linear form. Based on the numberof oxygen atoms in glucose, how many hydroxyl groups (-OH) would you expect glucose tohave?A)3B)6C)1D)518)319)Compare proteins to nucleic acids.