Before filling in your name and PeopleSoft-ID, please check that the color of your scantron sheet matches thecolor of your test. In column J of the scantron sheet blacken the circle corresponding to the color of yourexam: white = 1; blue = 2; pink = 3; yellow = 4. Proceed with the exam, choosing the best answer for eachof the following questions and blackening the proper circle on the answer sheet with a Number 2 pencil.Read each question carefully before marking the best answer on your scantron sheet.Work thoughtfully.Make educated guesses if necessary. Even wild guessing throughout should net you 20% of the total points,on the average. PLACE THE ANSWER SHEET IN ITS OWN COLOR PILE when you are doneFoundations of Biology - IFoundations of Biology - I3rd EXAMINATIONPINKFall Term 2010 - Dr. Laurel RobertsBIOSC 0160 CRN# 12336Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter.Acetylcholine is found at mammalian neuromuscular junctions.Both smooth muscles and skeletal muscles respond to acetylcholine.Acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase.Acetylcholine increases contractility of the heart.a.b.c.d.e.1--XWhich of the following statements about acetylcholine is false?ATP hydrolysis.root pressureguttationthe evaporation of water from leaves.the cohesion of water.a.b.c.d.e.2--XTransport in the xylem is driven byThe de-activation of voltage-gated sodium channels.The re-activation of voltage-gated sodium channelsThe de-activation of voltage-gated potassium channels.The re-activation of voltage-gated potassium channelsThe inrush of calcium through voltage-gated channelsa.b.c.d.e.3--XWhat is responsible for the absolute refractory period?signal, responder, receptor, effects.receptor, signal, responder, effects.signal, receptor, responder, effects.signal, receiver, responder, effects.None of the abovea.b.c.d.e.4--XIn order, from start to finish, the basic steps of a signal transduction pathway areExtra cellular sucrose would not enter the cell.Photosynthesis would be inhibited.The pH of the extracellular solution would increase.Residual cellular sucrose would leave the cell and enter the extracellular solution.The pH of the extracellular solution would decreasea.b.c.d.e.5--XSucrose enters a plant cell through a sucrose-proton symport. If sucrose is added to a solution bathing a plant cell, which of the following would probably occur?Page 2PINKdown; asymmetricallydown; symmetricallyupward; symmetricallyevenly; toward the rootsupward; toward the tipa.b.c.d.e.6--XIn shoot phototrophic responses, auxin is transported _______ and _______ from the apical meristem.3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 53, 6, 1, 2, 56, 1, 2, 56, 4, 2, 51, 2, 6, 5, 4a.b.c.d.e.7--XPut the following events in relative order. Not all numbers will be used. 1. Voltage gated potassium channels open to allow the efflux of potassium.2. The voltage gated sodium channels are de-activated, which is characteristic of a absolute refractory period3. A neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the dendrite causing an action potential4. Voltage gated sodium channels open to allow the efflux of sodium.5. The voltage gated potassium channels remain open to allow for a hyperpolarization beyond resting potential6. The graded potential travels down to the axon hillock, where it activates voltage gated ion channels.becomes concentrated, water enters guard cells, and the cells become turgid.leaves guard cells and they become less turgid.enters guard cells and they become less turgid.leaves guard cells and they become turgid.reaches equilibrium in guard cells and their surroundings.a.b.c.d.e.8--XStomata begin to open when K+needs energy to work.moves potassium ions to the inside of a neuron and sodium ions to the outside.works against a concentration gradient.causes the axon to return to resting potential.All of the abovea.b.c.d.e.9--XThe sodium-potassium pumpparacrine signals.parasitic signals.autocrine signals.hormones.responders.a.b.c.d.e.10--XSignals that travel to distant cells are known assink; sinksink; sourcesource; sourcesource; sinksource; source or sinka.b.c.d.e.11--XThe pressure flow model of translocation depends entirely on the existence of mechanisms for loading sugars into phloem at the _______ regions and for unloading them at the _______ regions.Page 3PINKRespirationTranspirationTranslocationActive transportFacilitated diffusiona.b.c.d.e.12--XWhich of the following processes can take place even without the presence of living cells?ATP.the sun.NADPH+.bulk flow.chloroplasts.a.b.c.d.e.13--XTo drive water into root cells, energy comes most directly fromAt different times, but open at the same timeAt the same time and open at the same timeAt different times, but open at different times.At the same time, but open at different timesThe timing depends on the position of the node on the axona.b.c.d.e.14--XVoltage gated sodium channels and voltage gated potassium channels activate:The pressure placed on the leaf by the cuticleThe evaporation of water from mesophyll cellsThe movement of water into the leaf by root pressureThe increased K+ pumped out of guard cellsThe movement of water from the veins into the leafa.b.c.d.e.15--XWhich process makes the water potential in a leaf more negative?The Fight-or-Flight response would be inhibitedLithium would be useless as a treatment for bipolar disorderSmell and taste receptors would be inhibitedA, B and C would all occurNone of these (A, B, C) would occura.b.c.d.e.16--XIf the Beta unit of a G-protein were unable to bind GTP, which of the following would occur?!cortisol; brassinosteroidmelatonin; gibberellinsT3,T4; auxinsomatostatin; phytochromeNone of these combinations is correcta.b.c.d.e.17--XAnimals use ______________ to set their internal clocks while plants use _________ .The inside is 60-70 millivolts more positive than the outside.The outside is 60-70 millivolts more positive than the inside.The inside is 30-35 millivolts more positive than the outside.The outside is 30-35 millivolts more positive than the inside.The inside has about the same charge as the outside.a.b.c.d.e.18--XWhich of the following describes the resting potential of the neuronal cell membrane?Page 4PINKDisinhibition: the ligand binds to a receptor that inhibits an inhibitor.Disinhibition: the ligand binds to a receptor that inhibits an activator. Feedforward inhibition: the ligand binds to a receptor that inhibits an inhibitor.Feedforward inhibition: the ligand binds to a receptor that inhibits an activator.FeedYourFace: ethylene