Before filling in your name and PeopleSoft-ID, please check that the color of your scantron sheet matches thecolor of your test. In column J of the scantron sheet blacken the circle corresponding to the color of yourexam: white = A; blue = B; pink = C; yellow = D. Proceed with the exam, choosing the best answer for eachof the following questions and blackening the proper circle on the answer sheet with a Number 2 pencil.Read each question carefully before marking the best answer on your scantron sheet.Work thoughtfully.Make educated guesses if necessary. Even wild guessing throughout should net you 20% of the total points,on the average. PLACE THE ANSWER SHEET IN ITS OWN COLOR PILE when you are doneFoundations of Biology - IFoundations of Biology - I2nd EXAMINATIONBLUEFall Term 2010 - Dr. Laurel RobertsBIOSC 0160 CRN# 12336contractile cellselectrical wiresglue cellsinsulator cellsneuroglia cellsa.b.c.d.e.1--XIn addition to motor and sensory neurons, the nerve tissue containsC4 photosynthesis structurally separates carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle while CAM photosynthesis temporally separates carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle.C4 photosynthesis generates a 4 Carbon product and provides C02 to the Calvin cycle while CAM plants open their stomata at night in order to fix CO2 for the following day.C4 photosynthesis uses compounds like PEP and PEP Carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide, while CAM photosynthesis relies on RuBP and rubisco just as in C3 photosynthesis.Both systems feed carbon dioxide into the Calvin Cycle, which then proceeds as in C3 plants.Both processes occur in plants that have evolved in hot, arid environments where photorespiration is more likely to occur.a.b.c.d.e.2--XWhich of the following is a FALSE statement regarding C4 and CAM photosnythesis?use ATP to release carbon dioxide.use NADPH to release carbon dioxide.split water and release oxygen.transport RuBP out of the chloroplast.make simple sugars, such as G3P, from carbon dioxide.a.b.c.d.e.3--XIn green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is toadding more mevalonate.adding more HMG-CoA.lowering the temperature of the reaction.adding a prosthetic group.lowering the rate constant of the reaction.a.b.c.d.e.4--XThe addition of the competitive inhibitor mevinolin slows the reaction HMG-CoA ->mevalonate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The effects of mevinolin would be overcome and the rate of the reaction increased byPage 2BLUEphotosynthesis.to protect the plant.to anchor the plant.water conduction.conduction of sugars.a.b.c.d.e.5--XOne function of the ground tissue in a plant isprophase.metaphase.anaphase.telophase.cytokinesis.a.b.c.d.e.6--XThe sizes and shapes of chromosomes can be observed most easily in a cell that is inThe inability to form acetyl CoA forces the body to rely on amino acids for energy, leading to acidosisThe inability to form acetyl CoA forces the body to produce too much CO2, leading to acidosisThe inability to form acetyl CoA forces the body to rely on fermentation primarily for energy, leading to acidosisThe inability to form acetyl CoA forces the body to rely on glycolysis primarily for energy, leading to acidosisThe inability to form acetyl CoA causes protons to leak out of the mitochondria, leading to acidosisa.b.c.d.e.7--XPyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. A genetic mutation in this enzyme causes a condition known as Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Disease, typified by general weakness and acidosis among other problems. Why does this disease cause acidosis?The G2 nucleus has double the amount of DNA as the G1 nucleus.DNA synthesis occurs only in the G1 phase.Inactive cells are arrested only in the G2 phase.During G2, the cell prepares for S phase.All of the abovea.b.c.d.e.8--XHow does a nucleus in G2 differ from a nucleus in G1?one turntwo turnsthree turnsfour turnssix turnsa.b.c.d.e.9--XA single glucose molecule can drive the Krebs cycleNADPHH20ATPO2CO2a.b.c.d.e.10--XWhat is the final electron acceptor in non-cyclic photosynthesis?Page 3BLUEGlucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by passive transport and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules.Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by active transport and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules.Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by simple diffusion and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules.Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by G protein mediation and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules.Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by G protein mediation and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into 6 carbon dioxide molecules.a.b.c.d.e.11--XWhich of the following statements accurately reflects what happens to a glucose molecule during the initial five phases of glycolysis?connectiveepithelialcartilagemusclenervea.b.c.d.e.12--XWhich of the following is not one of the principal kinds of tissues in vertebrates?sister chromatids attach to microtubules in opposite halves of the spindle.separase hydrolyzes cohesion, allowing chromatid separation.tubulin fibers move the chromatids away from the equatorial plate.polar microtubules push the chromatids to the poles.centromeres separate.a.b.c.d.e.13--XPaired chromatids separate and move to opposite poles becauseCorkXylemPhloemParenchymaEpidermisa.b.c.d.e.14--XCacti are plants with stems modified for water storage. Which type of tissue is well developed in cacti for this function?Page 4BLUEhypertrophytetanusoxygen debtsummationisometrya.b.c.d.e.15--XBy weight training, skeletal muscles grow in size. Cells do not increase in number because they do not divide, but increase in size by a process calleddendriteserythrocyteschondrocytesosteocytesfibroblastsa.b.c.d.e.16--XBone cells are