Ramsey Jazz Speaks for Life Discourages people from listening to music that they enjoy Music is something that corrupts people and is connected with the body and pleasure o Bad when it is connected to prayer The Sight of Sound History of Jazz Blues Aesthetics In African American music it is the exact opposite according to Ramsey New world black musical culture emerged from antagonism slave trade Not just retention but a collection of fragments Transported west and central became an amalgamation Cohesion built from having a common oppressor White slave owners Took centuries o It evolves and develops Variants still exist today Sonic paradigm for use across a spectrum of genres Amiri Baraka the changing scene Music making become sites of resistance and community building Music came to supplement or fill in for other community things that were no longer there Music and Community Mariah Carey Compilation Biases towards sounds Ex people say I see what you re saying vs I hear what you re saying We are always listening but we don t always reflect on it What does it mean to listen How does listening enable us to dwell and exist in the world Pre Lecture Listening Funerary Sung Weeping Sounds like people wailing and emotionally crying Somber tone to it o Descending melody Polyphonic 2 individual noises happening together o Competing drowning each other out People are complaining about the person o o o Critical Saying he wasn t really a good dad person etc Say that no one would remember him Pre Lecture listening Sing with Afternoon Cicadas First impression relaxing The singer is using the cicadas as a pulse beat to construct a song o It can come up at times and soften at other times Kaluli People Live in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea Population of about 1200 Live in hunting fishing and the cultivation of crops o particularly sweet potatoes taro pumpkins Fairly egalitarian society based on obligation and reciprocity Traditional lifestyle is under threat because of missionaries and industrialists Live in long houses Approximately 20 people Houses built on stilts to keep them off the ground Divided into public area and living quarters Way of knowing the world through sound Forests are very thick so Kaluli rely on sound much more than sight to navigate their environment Sometimes can t see more than 2 feet in front of you They have to listen more closely Many sounds in the forest people birds insects animals rain owls frogs In rain forests height and depth are easily confused it is difficult to know if a sound is coming from high in the trees or far away deep in the forest o Have to develop a skillful set of ears to survive and hunt and get food Invisible Sounds in the forest The forest is home to ane mama Spirits of the Kaluli ancestors o o Gives a spiritual and magical sense to the forests Children are trained from an early age to identify these sounds People who are forced to listen and not see as much hear the sounds of nature and other things as well Birds and bird songs become an important link between the natural sounds of the forest and their dead people As opposed to us we are much more accustomed to seeing Acoustemology o o o Z Z Z Birds Song o Singing in the forest o Cicadas can be eerie and creepy loud give a pulse beat o Can also be a distraction Depends if you lock in and sing with them Z o Whether it takes place between joining or imitating The boy who became a muni bird Commonly told myth among the Kaluli Z Meaning of the Myth Z Z Z Z Z Z o o The sound of the muni bird is a metaphor that restores their cultural code They are reminded to be kind and generous when they hear this birds sound They are constantly reminded because this bird is constantly singing and the Kaluli hear it often Singing and Weeping o Reciprocal relationship between singing and weeping o Many songs people sing at funerals are imitating the muni bird o It s a form of expression not a request Z Singing and crying are blurred into each other Mythology and reality are blurred together Michael Bull s No Dead Air the iPod and the Culture of Private Listening The use of these mobile sound technologies informs us about how users attempt to inhabit the spaces within which they move Private Listening Linked to recording technologies Private gramophone listening became much more common in the 20th century Children typically spend most of their home media use alone in their bedrooms o Visual is more with family and together o Listening is more alone and private High Fidelity o Mocks how people do this so often 1 What are the differences between private living room bedroom listening and mobile listening a Private no distractions b Mobile you can do many other things at the same time 2 To what phrase does no dead air refer a You are always connected there is no dead air b Music never leaves you c It describes how mobile music is today a Radio 3 Other than listening through headphones what kinds of mobile listening are common in the US Umm Kulthum 1904 1975 Most popular musician of the 20th century Father was Imam Islamic religious leader o Relationship between religion and secular music Sang for money from an early age at houses of rich people Born in a small village but moved to Cairo in 1923 Acted in 6 films but gave up acting because of lack of engagement with audience Sang secular love songs It was said that when she sang you could understand every word In Egyptian music there is a clear emphasis on words and the voice She learned Quaranic recitation at an early age o Not considered music but her studies helped her to sing words extremely eloquently o Separate from religion prayer Well trained in tajwid o System of rules on how to articulate words during recitation Qualities shard with recitation formed the stable core of her singing styles Was said to embody the soul of the Egyptian nation She was very tuned to the audience and how they reacted during her songs o Considered the voice of Egypt Valued innovation but only in the context of tradition Her music was temporarily banned after Egyptian independence in 1956 o Nassar insisted that her music be unbanned bc he did not want to lose the support of the people Was popular both before the revolution after o Sang for wealthy families supported by the British Arabic Classical Music Maqam o Modal system in Arabic classical music o Defines available pitches and also suggests particular phrases o Aka scale Wasla o Firqa compositions Commonly used by