Final Exam Review Sheet Authors and Texts Pausanias Description of Greece Apollodorus Library Apollonius of Rhodes Voyage of the Argonauts Theocritus Idyll XIII Sophocles Oedipus the King Aeschylus Agamemnon Homer Iliad Homer Odyssey Vergil Aeneid Myths Iodama Ino Leukothea Hylas and the Nymphs The Founding of Thebes Oedipus Tantalus and Pelops Oenomaus and Hippodameia Atreus and Thyestes The Sacrifice of Iphigenia The Murder of Agamemnon The Trial of Orestes The Judgment of Paris The Trojan War The Murder of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus The Argonauts the Libyan Heroines and the Hesperidean Nymphs The Voyage of Odysseus Birth of Heracles Heracles and King Thespius Labors of Heracles The Apotheosis of Heracles Birth of Perseus Perseus and Medusa Perseus and Andromeda Death of Acrisius Voyage of Aeneas The War for Lavinia Romulus and Remus Review Terms 1 Hero In mythology and legend a man often of divine ancestry who is endowed with great courage and strength celebrated for his bold exploits and favored by the gods 2 Heroine A woman noted for courage and daring action 3 Hero cult 1 not a cult in modern terms 2 worship of heroes heroines 3 local religion 4 presence of body or part A Sparta and the bones of Orestes 5 tomb of hero heroine 6 prosperity fertility to local region 4 Iodama priestess of Athena guide to travelers was turned to stone after glimpsing Athena wearing the head of medusa 5 Ino Leukothea daughter of Cadmus Sister of Semele Hermes brings Dionysus to the sisters then Hera takes revenge on sisters Ino thinks her son is a dear she then boils and kills her son then jumps from a cliff which is then renamed Leukothea 6 Leukothea Ino jumped form this cliff killing herself after killing her son 7 Semele Sister of Ino Hera is angered by these sisters and seeks revenge against them 8 Libyan Heroines return of the Argonauts lost in Libya 2 Libyan Heroines A local heroines B tied to land C nurses of Athena 9 Argonauts Sailors of the Ship the Argo 10 Nymph Landscape deities trees mountains streams oceans etc companions of the god Pan lovers of Gods heroes and mortals nurses of children helper of heroes dangerous to mortals herdsman 11 Dryads a nymph that takes the form of a tree 12 Oreads a nymph that takes the form of the mountains 13 Naiads nymph of the river often daughter of other gods 14 Nereids nymph of the ocean daughter of nereus 15 Nympholepsy passion aroused in men by beautiful young girls Nymphs cause this to those who fall in love with them 16 Hesperidean Nymphs daughters of Hesperis 2 live at boundary of world 3 Island of the Hesperides 4 guard tree of magic apples 5 Ladon serpent 6 helpful nymphs aid Argonauts 1 Saga a myths legends folktales b mythic families c heroes and heroines 2 Cadmus a Europa b founding of Thebes 1 Boeotia Cow Land 2 spring of Ares 3 serpent c Harmonia d culture heroes e Amphion and Zethus 3 Thebes city founded by Cadmus known for being cow land 4 Oedipus Oedipus Oedipus a swollen foot b Delphic oracle c Polybos king of Corinth raised Oedipus in Corinth d Oedipus consults Delphic oracle e Laius f Sphinx 1 Typhoios and Echidna 2 riddle of the Sphinx g Jocasta 5 Delphic oracle The Pythia commonly known as the Oracle of Delphi was the name of any priestess throughout the history of Temple of Apollo at Delphi located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus beneath the Castalian Sprin 6 Laius In Greek mythology King Laius was the third in descent from Cadmus He was married to his distant cousin Jocasta Apollo s oracle played a leading role in his reign When Apollo warned Laius that his son would kill him Laius was determined that this was not to be When his son Oedipus was born King Laius tied his feet together and left him to die on a mountain 7 Sphinx Kreon the then regent of Thebes offered the kingship to any man who could destroy her Oidipous accepted the challenge and when he solved the Sphinx s riddle she cast herself off a mountainside in despair and in accordance with an oracle declaring the terms of her demise 8 Jocasta the birth mother of Oedipus and Queen of thebes and the eventual wife of her own son completing the prophecy 9 Sophocles Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides 10 Dionysia was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and from 487 BC comedies It was the second most important festival after the Panathenaia 11 Hamartia is a word most famously used in Poetics 1 where it is usually translated as a mistake or error in judgment 2 3 4 In modern discussions of tragedy hamartia has often been described as a hero s tragic flaw 12 Tiresias Tiresias was the son of Everes and the nymph Chariclo he was a blind prophet the most famous soothsayer of ancient Greece 13 Fibula Tiresias was the son of Everes and the nymph Chariclo he was a blind prophet the most famous soothsayer of ancient Greece 14 Oedipus at Colonus Oedipus at Colonus is one of the three Theban plays of the Athenian tragedian Sophocles It was written shortly before Sophocles death in 406 BC and produced by his grandson at the Festival of Dionysus in 401 BC 15 Tantalus Tantalus was the son of Zeus and was the king of Sipylos He was uniquely favored among mortals since he was invited to share the food of the gods However he abused the guest host relationship and was punished by being tantalized with hunger and thirst in Tartarus he was immersed up to his neck in water but when he bent to drink it all drained away luscious fruit hung on trees above him but when he reached for it the winds blew the branches beyond his reach 1 Pelops PELOPS was a king of Eleian Pisa in the western Peloponnesos after whom the whol region was named He was an immigrant from the Anatolian country of Lydia where he grew up a prince in the court of King Tantalos His father however wishing to test the gods slaughtered Pelops and served him up at a feast the gods Zeus recognised the deception and the boy was resurrected by the Fates who cast his parts into a boiling cauldron Because the goddess Demeter had inadvertedely consumed his shoulder the Fates replaced it with ivory 2 Oenomaus In Greek mythology King Oenomaus pronunciation or Oinomaos Oenamaus of Pisa 1 the father of Hippodamia was the son of Ares either by the naiad Harpina daughter of the
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