Biosc 0150 Foundations of Biology I Sample test practice for midterm 4 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1 What role does Na K ATPase play in salt excretion by the shark rectal gland 1 A Na K ATPase pumps sodium out and potassium into cells across the basolateral membrane membrane B Na K ATPase pumps sodium into and potassium out of cells across the basolateral C Na K ATPase pumps sodium in and potassium out of cells across the apical membrane D Na K ATPase pumps sodium out and potassium into cells across the apical membrane 2 When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred 2 temperature of the body which general component is being used A stimulating sweat glands to increase evaporation B both constriction of skin blood vessels to decrease heat loss and stimulation of sweat glands to increase evaporation C effector D integrator E sensor 3 Which of the following pairs of proteins shares the most overall similarity in structure B B cell receptors and antibodies D antibodies and antigens A B cell receptors and T cell receptors C T cell receptors and antibodies 4 The concentrations of ions are very different inside and outside a nerve cell due to A diffusion C symports and antiports B osmosis D sodium potassium pumps 5 Hair cells in the vertebrate ear are responsible for transducing sound pressure waves Ion channels in the hair cell membrane open when A the membrane is distorted mechanically B the cell membrane reaches a threshold voltage C a chemical ligand binds to the ion channel D light is absorbed by a molecule in the membrane 6 How do citrus fruits such as lemons cause the basic taste of sour A Citric acid ampli es the sour taste of vitamin C when it binds to specialized receptors on the taste cells B the more acidic the food the more depolarization of the sensory receptor C Ascorbic acid binds to sensory receptors on the plasma membrane of taste cells which leads to the triggering of cellular activity that trigger a sour taste response D Sugars and ascorbic acid bind sensory receptors on the plasma membrane of taste cells which leads to the triggering of cellular activity that trigger a sour taste response 3 4 5 6 1 7 How has the avian lung adapted to the metabolic demands of ight 7 A Air ow through the avian lung is bidirectional B Gas exchange occurs during both inhalation and exhalation C Countercurrent circulation is present in the avian lung D There is more dead space within the avian lung so that oxygen can be stored for future use Figure 1 8 Which letter on Figure 1 corresponds to the action of the sodium potassium pump and potassium leak channels A A B B C C D D 9 Motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine ACh and acetylcholinesterase degrades ACh in the synapse If a neurophysiologist applies onchidal a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusk Onchidella binneyi to a synapse what would you expect to happen 8 9 A gradual loss of resting potential B convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation C decrease in the frequency of action potentials D paralysis of muscle tissue E no effect to be at a disadvantage in which of the following environments A very cold environments B very hot environments C environments with a constant food source D environments with variable and limited food sources 10 There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations Animals that are endothermic are likely 10 11 You observe a lizard sitting on a rock on a sunny day If the lizard is attempting to raise its body 11 temperature what mechanism of heat transfer is being employed A convection B radiation C evaporation D conduction 2 12 What would probably happen if a long neuron had one continuous myelin sheath down the 12 length of the axon with no nodes of Ranvier A There could be no action potential generated at the axon hillock B The action potential would be propagated nearly instantaneously to the synapse C The signal would fade because it is not renewed by the opening of more sodium channels D None of the above could happen 13 In what way does hemoglobin act as a buffer against changes in blood pH 13 A Subsequent binding of oxygen is drastically reduced after the rst one is bound B Hemoglobin removes excess protons from the red blood cells so that they can be excreted through the kidneys C Hemoglobin binds some of the excess protons released by carbonic acid D Hemoglobin produces protons or hydroxide ions as needed to alter the blood pH E All of the above answers apply 14 Through studies on the Malpighian tubules researchers found that K accumulated on the inner face of the tubule against its concentration gradient What can you infer about the mechanism of transport 14 A Movement of potassium into the lumen of the Malpighian tubules is an energy requiring B Potassium transport is a passive process C Potassium moves out of the tubules at a faster rate than it moves into the lumen of the process tubules D Sodium ions will follow potassium ions 15 An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures When they move into the shade and rest which animal will cool down faster 15 A They will cool at the same rate because they overheated by the same amount B The elephant will because it has the lower surface area volume ratio C The elephant will because it has the higher surface area volume ratio D The mouse will because it has the higher surface area volume ratio 16 When an action potential from a motor neuron arrives at the neuromuscular junction NMJ a 16 series of events occurs that leads to muscle contraction Which of the following events will occur last i e after all of the others 17 Water loss from insect surface is minimal due to which of the following structures 17 A release of Ca2 from the sarcoplasmic reticulum B conformational change in troponin C ACh release D depolarization of the muscle cell E action potential propagation down the T tubules A a proteinaceous epidermis B chitin and the cuticle C tracheae and spiracles D a small surface area volume relationship 3 18 If you experimentally increase the concentration of K inside a cell while maintaining other ion 18 concentrations as they were what would happen to the cell s membrane potential A The membrane potential would become more negative B The membrane potential would remain the same C The membrane