Biosc0150 Foundaions of Biology I Sample test review for midterm 1 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1 Suppose you discovered a new amino acid Its R group contains only hydrogen and carbon 1 atoms Predict the behavior of this amino acid A It is hydrophilic B Relative to the amino acids found in organisms its interactions with water will be very C It is hydrophobic D Relative to the amino acids found in organisms its interactions with water will be high intermediate 2 Steroids such as cholesterol are an important component of animal cell membranes but do not 2 actually form the membrane Why A The ring structure of steroids is too bulky to form a membrane B Steroids are too permeable to charged molecules to form a cell membrane C Lipids that form membranes are amphipathic with a polar region and a nonpolar region D Steroids cannot interact with other molecules which is required to form a cell membrane 3 At the pH found in cells about 7 0 what happens to the carboxyl group on an amino acid 3 A It remains neutral like water and does not have a charge B It acts as a base and gains a proton giving it a positive charge C It is oxidized and tends to act as an electron acceptor in redox reactions D It acts as an acid and loses a proton giving it a negative charge 4 The cow Bos primigenius which is bred for meat and milk has a smaller brain and larger eyes 4 than closely related wild species of ungulates These traits most likely arose by A arti cial selection because these changes in traits co occurred with human selection for high milk output and high muscle content B arti cial selection because these animals differ from their close relatives and common ancestor C natural selection because these traits arose in the population over time D natural selection because these were not the traits consciously selected by humans 5 Why would the spontaneous formation of formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide not take place 5 on Earth today as much as on the prebiotic Earth A The Sun has changed its output B Atmospheric conditions on Earth such as the presence of oxygen have changed C Microorganisms break these down immediately 6 What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule 6 AATGCGA A UUACGCU B TTACGCT C AATGCGA D GGCATAG E none of the answers are correct 1 7 Agrobacterium is a type of bacteria that infects plants and causes them to form tumors You are 7 asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to the bacteria to become infected Which of the following experiments will provide the best data for that question A determining the number of tumors formed on a plant depending on how long it is exposed to Agrobacterium B determining the survival rate of Agrobacterium to different concentrations of an antibiotic C determining the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environments D determining the number of tumors formed on a plant depending on the concentration of Agrobacterium applied 8 Phospholipids can form all of the following structures in water except which one A bilayers B micelles C monolayers D vesicles 9 You have 2 liters of 3 M solution of glycerol When you take 500 ml of the solution and mix it with 1000 ml of water what is the molarity of this mixed solution B 1 5 M A 0 5 M C 3 M D 1 M 8 9 10 You isolate an organic molecule that contains C H O N and S This molecule 10 A is de nitely a protein that is not glycosylated B is de nitely a sugar C could be a glycoprotein D is de nitely a nucleic acid 11 You make a phospholipid bilayer with short saturated hydrocarbon tails You measure the 11 permeability of this membrane to oxygen You are going to change the length of the hydrocarbon tails and remeasure membrane permeability but rst your boss asks you to graph the data you expect if there is no effect of hydrocarbon tail length on membrane permeability your null hypothesis Which of the graphs below best represents the data you expect if your null hypothesis is correct A C B D 2 12 In solution why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily than condensation reactions 12 A Hydrolysis increases entropy and is exergonic B Hydrolysis raises G or Gibbs free energy C Hydrolysis increases entropy and is endergonic D Hydrolysis decreases entropy and is exergonic 13 Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have structures similar to stems leaves and roots Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring Each adult Caulerpa consists of just a single cell however Which of the following statements is true A Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory that all organisms consist of 13 B Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory C Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory that all cells come from cells preexisting cells D The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory 14 Which of the following phospholipid membranes would be most permeable to glycerol 14 A one with long and saturated fatty acid tails B one with long and unsaturated tails C one with short and unsaturated tails D one with short and saturated tails 15 The cities of Portland Oregon and Minneapolis Minnesota are at about the same latitude but Minneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland does Why Portland is near the Paci c Ocean Minneapolis is near a number of large lakes 15 A The ocean is so large that it has a highly moderating in uence on temperature B Minneapolis is much windier due to its location in the middle of a continent C Freshwater is more likely to freeze than salt water D They are not at exactly the same latitude 16 Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the concentration of the reactants is 16 increased A The reactants move faster C The reactants have greater energy B The reactants collide more often D All of the above apply 17 What can you say about the molecule in the gure 17 A the molecule is non polar B the molecule is a saturated fat C the molecule is soluable in water D the molecule is hydrophobic E the molecule is a carbodyhrate 18 Glucose C6H12O6 has a single carbonyl group C O in its linear form Based on the number of oxygen atoms in glucose how many hydroxyl groups OH would you expect glucose to have 18 A 3 B 6 C 1 D 5 3 19 20 19 Compare proteins to nucleic acids Which of the following is true A Both contain sulfur B