BIOL 101 1nd Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I Digestion II Macromolecule Breakdown III Types of Cells IV Duodenum V Cecum Outline of Current Lecture I Germ Free vs Conventional Mice II Second Digestive System III Experiment One IV Experiment Two Current Lecture Class Discussion Digestion II I Comparing contrasting physical characteristics of germ free and conventionally raised mice Germ free are sterile Conventionally raised have a lot of bacteria in their gut Germ free Conventionally raised Visually Skinny Fatter Body composition Low body fat percent Higher body fat percent These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Food consumption Eat less Eat a lot Digestion energy extraction from food Mice cannot digest extract energy from food Source of genes Mouse genome Normal digestion and can extract energy from food Bacteria genome and mouse genome What would happen if bacteria were added back to a germ free mouse The mouse eats less feels full but gains weight II Our gut bacteria can be considered a second digestive system III Basic science example from Turnbaugh PJ 2008 Cell Host Microbe Can diet affect the structure and function of our gut microbial community Experiment 1 Genetically identical mice with same gut microbial community were divided into one of the following diet groups GROUP A Normal mouse diet high fiber low fat and sugar GROUP B High sugar and fat diet Which group of mice gained the most weight B Which group of mice gained the most body fat B Mou Ba se cte food rial gro up 1 bacteria of total community bacteria of total community What happens to the gut microbial communities of these mice after 8 weeks Wes Bact tern erial Grou p2 Normal mouse diet Mo Wes Bact use tern fooerial d Grou p 1a High fat sugar diet high fiber Gut microbial structural changes Bacterial group one 75 group two 25 Bacterial group one 95 Group two Group one Group two 5 use graphs above Preferred energy source of newly abundant bacteria What conclusions can you make on the effect of diet on the gut microbial community Healthy diets can induce more microbial diversity in your gut Experiment 2 Germ free mice on the normal mouse diet high fiber received fecal transplants from mice on one of the following diets GROUP A Normal mouse diet high fiber low fat and sugar GROUP B High sugar and fat diet After 2 weeks After 8 weeks Donor Donor Mouse Wester food n Normal mouse diet Donor Donor Mouse Wester food n High sugar and fat diet high fiber Amount of food eaten Same Same Amount of body fat Higher Higher Weight gain Higher Higher Energy harvesting capacity of gut microbiota Relatively less energy harvested More energy harvested How did a high fat high sugar diet change the function of the microbiota Provide an advantage for fat and high sugar microbiota What do you think would happen in 6 weeks if the mice given the Western microbiota continued on the normal mouse diet use empty graph above What diet is more representative of the American diet How are these studies important in the search for successful treatments for obesity If we could change the microbiota in the peoples guts we could use it to treat obesity
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