BIOL 101 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture Membrane Structure and FunctionI. Compare/Contrast-- Passive Transport: Simple Diffusion (SD), Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion (FD), Active Transport (AT)II. Passive Transport: OsmosisIII. Bulk Transport – what are the types? Why the various types? Which way will water move? Outline of Current Lecture I. Can Water Kill You?a. Case Studies II. Energy and Enzymes a. Functions of Enzymes Current LectureThree True Stories (Adapted from “Water Can Kill?” from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)Case 1: Jennifer Strange Jennifer Strange was a 28-year-old mother of three who entered a radio contest to try to win a Nintendo Wii game system for her children. As part of KDND’s “Hold your wee for a Wii” contest, Jennifer drank bottle after bottle of water for hours without urinating. Initially, Jennifer seemed to be having fun, joking lightheartedly with the radio hosts and obligingly downing an 8-ounce bottle of water every 15 minutes. As the hours passed, however, she developed a splitting headache and dizziness. Finally, she couldn’t take it anymore and ran to the bathroom and vomited. Jennifer called her boss to say that she was going home for the day because her headache was excruciating and she was too sick for work. Jennifer’s mother found her that afternoon, dead in her home. Case 2: Cassandra Killpack After a 3 week trial, a jury found Jennete Killpack, 29, guilty of killing her 4-year-old adopted These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.daughter Cassandra by forcing approximately a gallon of water down the girl’s throat in an attempt to discipline her. A few hours after the “hydro-discipline,” the Killpacks called the paramedics because Cassandra was unresponsive. The paramedics delivered her to the hospital, where she died later that day. Medical investigation found that Cassandra’s brain was swollen and the concentration of sodiumin her blood and tissues was far below normal. Case 3: James McBride James McBride, a 25-year-old police officer, died after a 12-mile bike ride that was part of a training course. Over the course of the ride, James drank roughly three gallons of water that he brought with him in a pack. During a session that focused on how to dismount a bike, an instructor noticed that McBride looked ill and asked him to sit down. McBride complained of dizziness and nausea, and then vomited. Officers initially thought he might have suffered heat stroke. Unaware that James had already consumed so much water, they gave him more water to cool him down while he sat out of the exercise. When another officer hurt himself during the exercise, an ambulance was summoned. The paramedics noticed that James was convulsing and continuing to vomit, so they brought him to the hospital. He died in the hospital the next day.1. What sort of environment (hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic) does consuming excessive amounts of pure water create in the body fluid that surrounds your cells? What effect would this have on your cells? 2. What types of symptoms did Jennifer, Cassandra, and James have in common? Which organ or tissue seems to have been most affected? 3. Keeping in mind your answers to questions 1 and 2, what do you think the immediate cause of death was for Jennifer, Cassandra, and James?4. Once you knew the cause of their symptoms, what kind of emergency treatment might you try for a patient like Cassandra or James if you were the doctor in charge of their care?Energy and EnzymesClass discussionWhat do enzymes do? Brainstorm.They lower the amount of activation energy, they make cells more efficient, they help processes move faster, serve as a catalyst (facilitate a reaction), they break down polysaccharides, theybind to a substrate, they’re made of proteins, allow us to make metabolic pathways, they are not used up, work with cofactors/coenzymes (inorganic or small organic molecule)Design an enzyme-catalyzed condensation reaction that shows your understanding of the words/ideas below. The materials you have available as props are things we have available in a classroom, such as classmates, paper, pens, etc. a. active site b. substratec. productd. enzymes bring substrates togethere. some enzymes need co-factorsf. enzymes are used over and overg. enzymes can be inhibited at their active site or their allosteric siteh. enzyme activity is affected by environmental