BIOL 101 1nd Edition Lecture 32 Outline of Last Lecture I. Case StudyII. Future Heart AttackIII. Wake up CallIV. Pumping/Pressure/Health Outline of Current Lecture I. Innate Immune Responsea. External Barriersb. Internal BarriersII. Inflammatory ResponseIII. Adaptive Immunity’s Two ArmsIV. Antibody-mediated ResponseCurrent Lecture HUMAN IMMUNITYClass DiscussionThere are 3 lines of defense with your immunity: (capacity to resist and combat infection)I. _Innate_ Immune Responses- provide protection and are active upon infection regardless of whether or not the pathogen has been encountered in the past.A. External barriers to pathogens1. SkinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Mucus Membranes3. HairB. Internal barriers1. __Macrophages_: “big eaters” - patrol the body and engulf bacteria and viruses when they encounter them.2. _Natural Killer Cells (NK)_ : release chemical signals that kill infected cells3. ___Interferons__ : proteins made and secreted by an infected cell to neighboring cells to limit cell to cell spread of viruses.II. Inflammatory response:Red blood cells, the yellow is a white blood cell, the purple dots are histamine, the white blood cells could be neutrophils (first responders, eventually eaten by macrophages) or macrophages, you can see the skin swellingWhat happens if innate defenses don’t clear an infection?The Adaptive Immune Response is activatedIII. Adaptive Immunity’s Two Arms:A. Antigen: any molecule that elicits an immune response Examples of antigens: pollen, molecules on the surface of viruses or bacteriaB. _antibody_: protein found in plasma that attaches to one SPECIFIC antigen to counter its effects.Poke holes in cells to lysis themIntracellular pathogensThey produce antibodiesCell mediated immune responseHumoral Immune ResponseAnitbodies are in purple; antibodies tag antigens and clump them together making it easier for macrophages to eat them. IV. Antibody-mediated Adaptive Response 2. the orange diamonds are antigens that are binding with the antibody (antigen receptor) 3. the cells become activated and begin to divide into two populations, plasma (effector cells) and memory cells. The plasma cells have a lot of rough ER because they are making a lot of
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