BIOL 101 1nd Edition Lecture 30 Outline of Last Lecture I. GMOsII. Adverse EffectsIII. Education of GMOs Outline of Current Lecture I. Case StudyII. Components of Human Cardiovascular Systema. Arteriesb. Capillariesc. VeinsIII. Human Heart and Blood FlowCurrent LectureClass DiscussionCirculationI. Case Study - Wake up Call!Denise was having a hard time focusing after waking up short of breath in the middle of the night to her heart racing. Maybe the stress of her job was finally catching up with her. Managing a catering business was no easy task. On top of that, her only daughter, Emily, had left for college this fall and, being the overprotective parent that she was, Denise found herself constantly worrying about how her daughter was faring in a different city, away from the comforts of home. Also, Denise was starting to go through the early stages of menopause. Thehormonal changes, combined with fatigue, stress, and her general worrisome nature, were catching up to her. Not only that, she couldn't get last night's scary episode out of her thoughts. Was it just part of the whole perimenopause thing or was it more? Her body was trying to tell her something, but Denise wasn't sure she was ready to hear.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute."I wonder if Denise realizes how all those years of second-hand smoke have taken a toll on her lungs and on ME, her heart! All that tobacco inhalation has constricted her coronary arteries. Sure, Denise tries to stay physically active but genetics and her food choices have brought her blood cholesterol up pretty high to 245 mg/dl. She could be headed for heart disease. A person's total cholesterol level shouldn't get above 200 mg/dl. That's right. I ought to know! Denise has HIGH cholesterol, a major contributor to heart disease.Geesh. Get with it, Denise. That was a major warning last night. I'm oxygen-starved! Luckily, onlya small area of my left ventricle had a big decrease in blood flow and oxygen supply (cardiac ischemia). Thank goodness. If nothing else happens, my body will start growing some new collateral vessels (bypasschannels) and I can get some repair work done. Denise didn't experience chest pain (angina pectoris). Buther rapid heart beat and shortness of breath sure got her attention. She had better shape up because I don't know if I can handle much more oxygen deprivation. And, hey, all this unstable plaque lurking around is not a good sign either. No indeed. Who knows when it may rupture? I don't like the looks of this at all."Denise has constricted coronary arteries from all the tobacco smoke that she inhaled over the years. What are arteries? What are coronary arteries and how could constriction lead to a heart attack?II. Components of Human Cardiovascular SystemA. Arteries branch into arterioles which ultimately give rise to capillaries1. Flowa. Direction - carry blood away from the heart.b. Speed- the speed is high2. Pressure – high3. Distinctive features – epithelial tissue, smooth muscle, connective tissue, thick walls, provides strength and support 4. Types of arteries in and around the heart: pulmonary artery – carries oxygen poor blood out into the body. Coronary artery – branch off of the aorta and deliver O2 to the heart muscle. Aorta – largest blood vessel in the body. B. Capillaries1. Flow a. Connect arteries and veins not all capillaries have blood at any one time- controlled by sphincter .b. Speed in capillaries – slowly which allows for more nutrient absorption2. Pressure – low3. Distinctive Features – thin walls, single layer of cells, narrow in diameter4. Main function of capillaries? Deliver O2 and nutrients to tissues, remove waste (CO2)C. Veins/Venules 1. Flow –a. Direction - carry blood to the heartb. Speed- slow2. Pressure – low3. Distinctive features – thicker walls with connective tissue with smooth muscle, valveLet’s draw a plot of pressure and then plot the speed of flow (velocity) through the vessels of the systemic circuitIII. Human heart and blood
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