BIOL 101 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. All forms of life share common propertiesa. Properties and processes associated with lifeb. EvolutionII. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each levela. Biosphere to the cellb. Emergent propertiesIII. Cells are the structural and functional units of life a. What do cells do?b. Types of cellsc. SystemsIV. Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energy a. Producers, consumers, decomposersV. The unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic code a. The structure of DNAVI. The diversity of life can be arranged into three domainsa. Bacteriab. Archaeac. EukaryaVII. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of lifea. Natural selectionVIII. Scientific inquiry is used to ask and answer questions about nature a. Types of datab. Types of reasoningc. Hypothesis and theoryIX. Scientists form and test hypotheses and share their results a. Testing and experimentsX. Biology, technology, and society are connected in important ways a. TechnologyXI. Evolution is connected to our everyday livesa. Evolutionary theory Outline of Current LectureI. What is biology?II. Properties associated with lifeIII. The process of science – Inquiry basedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Lets apply what we have learned so farCurrent LectureThe Process of Science Class discussionI. What is Biology? The scientific study of life.a. In biology we ask and answer questions to understand the natural world.II. Properties associated with lifea. order: living things possess very complex organization.b. reproduction: organisms reproduce on their own.c. growth and development: the information that we inherit in our DNA controls patterns of growth and development.d. energy processing: energy comes in different forms and is used to power the activity of living organisms.e. response to the environment: organisms respond to stimuli in their environment.f. regulation: living organisms can regulate their internal environment.g. evolutionary adaptations: organisms adapt to the environment over time so that they have reproductive success.III. The Process of Science – Inquiry based!a. In general the process of science involvesi. Make an observationii. Ask a questioniii. Formulate a hypothesis1. What is a hypothesis?A proposed explanation for a set of observations2. How is a hypothesis different than a theory? A theory is supported by a large and growing body of evidence.iv. Testing predictions1. Designing experiments2. Collecting dataa. Quantitative: Something that you can measure, tends to deal with numbersb. Qualitative: results that are observed not measuredc. Positive results: supports the hypothesisd. Negative results: result that does not support the hypothesisv. Draw a conclusionExample of the process of science from your book (and also from UNC Biology!): Mimicry in North Carolina snakesMimicry: when two different species resemble on another What is the function of mimicry? It reduces the harmless animals risk of being eaten IV. Lets apply what we have learned so far. Fill in the second table by matching a description from the first table (the column on the left) with a word from the column on the right in this table. The order of which these appear in your table should ALSO be consistent with the process of science as you now know it! Some orca pods in the Northeast Atlantic eat fish, yet some pods prefer marine mammals. ObservationHave orcas diverged in the Northeast Atlantic such that they now comprise two genetically distinct populations with different prey preferences?QuestionOrcas eat fish because they have evolved over time and are now genetically different from orcas that eat marine mammals in the Northeast AtlanticHypothesisCollect DNA samples in the North Atlantic from living whales that eat fish, living whales that eat marine mammals, and compare these to ancient DNA samples from whales that ate marine mammals.ExperimentThere is no genetic evidence that the orca population that feasts on fish alone is different from those that dine on seals.Results and ConclusionDid the data collected in this study provide a positive or negative result?A negative resultIt turns out - “Some of the study populations that previously were considered fish-only diners also feast on mammals, the team’s research shows. For instance, the scientists collected samples from a family podof six orcas that aboriginal hunters in East Greenland had killed. “Each whale had a seal pup in its stomach,” Foote says, “yet their teeth were worn like those of the herring-hunting whales” seen off Iceland.”Orcas have lived much longer in the waters of the Pacific Northwest because 10,000 years ago the North Atlantic was all