BIOL 101 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Lipids (continued)II. Protein Structure a. Amino Acidsb. How are proteins made from amino acids?c. A protein shape determines its function. Lets use this table to highlight the four different levels of protein structure and briefly characterize each.Outline of Current Lecture I. Nucleic AcidII. The Cella. What exists in what type of cell?Current LectureI. Nucleic AcidA. DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid a. Monomers= ATCG nucleotidesB. RNA= ribonucleic acid a. Monomers= AUCG nucleotides C. Draw a nucleotide (include the phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base):Phosphate - Sugar – base H or OH D. What type of bond allows DNA to form a double helix?Hydrogen bond (weak bond) that can be easily broken (We will talk more about DNA in Unit II of the course)Lactose tolerance is caused by a mutation in the DNA that keeps the lactase gene on – we make a lot of lactase RNA, which allows us to make a lot of lactase proteinII.Cells These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- We can target the synthesis of the macromolecules that make up the cell wall killing the bacteria and not us. Penicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria and is one of the most widely used antibiotics to date- Smooth ER – synthesis of lipids, processing of harmful substances and calcium storage- Rough ER – synthesis and packaging of secretory proteins - Golgi Cell component Prokaryote? Plant? Animal?Cell wall yes Plant cells aresurrounded by arigid, yet highlydynamic cell wall noPlasmamembraneyes yes yesNucleus no Yes YesDNA yes Yes YesRNA yes Yes YesNucleolus no Yes YesRibosome yes Yes YesEndoplasmicReticulumno Yes YesGolgi Body no Yes YesLysosome no No – plants haveorganelles with thesame function butare not yet identifiedas lysosomes YesMitochondrion no Yes YesPhotosyntheticpigmentsyes Yes NoChloroplast no Yes NoCentral Vacuole no Yes NoFlagellum yes yes YesComplexcytoskeletonno yes yesBody – SORTS AND SHIPS modifies the proteins once they leave the ER and ships them to other place- Lysosomes – breaks stuff down, its like a recycling center, like damaged organelles, digestive
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