COMM 1000 1nd Edition Study Guide Exam 2Understand the 4-component attachment theory model? Be able to think of examples of each component. Secure- I’m okay, you’re okay (positive model of self-esteem)Preoccupied- I’m not okay, you’re okay (negative model of self-esteem)Dismissive- I’m okay, you’re not okay (positive model of self-esteem)Fearful- I’m not okay, you’re not okay (negative model of self-esteem)Know about self disclosure and the multiple ways that it can be used to form and maintain relationships? Self-Disclosure:- Reciprocity and Trusto The dyadic effect (VanLear-cycling) Different cycles in relationship Different levels of disclosure in a long relationshipo Someone discloses something about themselves and you feel you should disclose something about yourself- Reasons for revealingo Clarity  You want people to understand youo Emotion expression To vent about how you are feelingo Impressions Disclosing different things people form impressions (especially negative things)- Reasons for concealmento Riskso At the beginning of a relationship you don’t disclose negative things about yourself because people remember those more easily- Appropriateness (avoiding TMI-Too much information)o Sometimes people don’t really want/need to know some things about yourselfWhat is a relational climate? What are the different types of relational climates? What are their messages characterized by (Hint: use the book and lecture for these)? Relational climate- 1. Every message has a content and relationship dimensionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Messages imply a certain relationship by their phrasing3. Confirming messages cause the receiver to value him/herself more. 4. Disconfirming messages cause the receiver to value him/herself less5. Not all messages should be confirming- Confirming Climates have messages that:o Acknowledge the persono Provide an authentic response to othero Focus on listening- Disconfirming Climates have messages characterized by:o Impervious responses (ignoring)o Interrupting responses (break in)o Tangential responses (go off topic)o Impersonal responses (disengagement)o Disagreement focusing on person (rather than ideas)- Supportiveness and defensivenesso Defensiveness is a response to not being accepted for who we areo Defensiveness is behaviors used to protect ourselves from what we perceive as a threato Gibb lists six categories of supportive/defensive climates[Defensive Supportive](a) Evaluation Description(b) Control (dominance) Problem Orientation(Addressing the problem)(c) Strategy (manipulative) Spontaneity(d) Neutrality Empathy(e) Superiority Equality(f) Certainty Provisionalism(Not open to other ideas) (Hearing everyone’s ideas)o Empathy is related to supportivenesso Trust (built through supportiveness) is related to all five outcomes/intents of communication [understanding, pleasure, attitude influence, improved relationships, and action]- Affection & Control (Dominance):o Two primary relationship dimensions1. Affection is the love/hate aspect of the relationship (tender/loving to hostile /aggressive)2. Control is the dominance/submission dimension (exploitative/domineering to dependent/self-effacing)3. Behavior on the affection dimension tends to elicit similar responses (liking elicits liking)4. Behavior on the control dimension tends to elicit complementary responses (submission elicits dominance)5. Without agreement over control, it is continually renegotiated6. Affection and control are independent dimensions and not automatically related in any pairingsWhat is the chilling effect? Can you give an example?- Idea that person with greater power ‘encourages’ other person into silenceo Ex. powerless person doesn’t bring up issues that are a problemKnow Duck’s stages of dissolution, and what behaviors happen in each stage. - Duck focuses on what the INDIVIDUAL is doing during relational de-escalation- Duck’s Four Relationship Dissolution Phases1. Intrapsychic (partner(s) focusing internally on problems; begin to complain to others)2. Dyadic (confrontation; discussion of issues)3. Social (talk to others about breakup; seek support for decision)4. Grave dressing (look to others for justification of breakup; create account of relationshipWhat are the stages in Knapp’s theory of the life cycle of relationships? - Communication plays a different function in each part of the cycle- Cycles are sequential but may regress or stop at any stage- Stage 1: Coming together has five stages of gradual relationship growth; happens over timeo Initiating (show interest in communicating)o Experimenting (sample topics to learn about other)o Intensifying (beginning of intimacy/self-disclosure)o Integrating (persons consider themselves a unit)o Bonding (a formal ritualizing of relationship)- Relational De-escalation:o Frequently, one party ‘decides’ to end it before the othero We call them the ‘leaver’ and the ‘left’o Can happen suddenlyo ‘sudden death’ Catastrophe Theory (math/psych)o Or gradually ‘fading away’- Sudden Death vs Fading Away:o Sudden Death can happen due to:o 3rd partieso Other major changes: job, schoolo Fading away happens due to many relational factorso Many involve poor communication- Reasons for Dissolution:o Loneliness IN the relationshipo Decrease in stimulation/ interesto Third partyo Relational changes (psychological, behavioral)o Undefined expectationso Financialo Inequitable distribution of rewards and costs- Stage 2: Coming apart involves stages of decreasing intimacy o If intimacy is high, justifications for termination are neededo Knapp offers five stages of deterioration Differentiating (focus shifts to differences over similarity Circumscribing (reducing frequency/intimacy of contact) Stagnating (communication more like that of strangers) Avoiding (physical or psychological separation) Terminating (end of relationship)o Steps can be skipped in the processo Steps can be applied to both male/female and same-sex relationshipsBe able to characterize communication that maintains relationships. Understand the concept of relational maintenanceA. Relationship maintenance is the process of maintaining close (intimacy) and satisfying relationshipsB. Often fail to realize