COMM 1000 1st Edition Exam #1 Study Guide 1. What are the characteristics of communication? - Process of managing messages for the purpose of creating shared meaning- Between at least two people who are simultaneously sending and receiving messages to and from one another- Can be verbal or nonverbal- Can be intentional or unintentionalo Are usually a combination2. What are the components of the communication process? - Input- all the stimuli, both past and present, that give us our information about the world- Filters- idiosyncratic, physiological and psychological 3. When we say that communication has a content and a relational dimension, what does thismean? - The medium through which a message is sent- We usually become aware of the channels that we need when one or more of them becomes unavailable - Selecting an appropriate channel is a skill4. What is interference? Be able to describe and recognize examples of the two different typesof interference. - Anything that prevents the message from being received or from the intended meaning being correctly understood o Technical Interferenceo Semantic Interference 5. Know the transactional model of communication. - The process of managing messages for the purpose of creating shared meaning- A transaction between at least two people who are simultaneously sending and receiving messages to and from one anothero Elements include: Listening, Feedback and Time 6. What are the levels/contexts of communication, as described in the text and in lecture? These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.What types of activities occur in each different level? Be sure you can give an example of each. Intrapersonal Communication:- Communication within a persono Talking to self, diary, etc.o Perception Making attributions Forming impressionsInterpersonal Communication:- Communication with another (dyad)- Basic unit of communicationo Most personal (developing intimacy)o Face-to-face or point-to-point Examples: Friends, coworkersInterviewing:- Communication transaction focused on question answer patterno Mostly formalo Face to face or mediated Examples: Dr.Offices, jobs, court roomIntercultural/Intergroup:- Communication between members of different groups- Interaction & identity influenced by group membership o Examples: Language. Ethnicity, gender, age groupsSmall Group:- The process by which 3 or more members of group exchange verbal or nonverbal messages in an attempt to influence one anothero Achieving common goal (social or task) Examples: Families, Juries, CommitteesPublic Communication:- 1 or a few individuals to an audienceo Occurs in public rather than private placeso Relatively formalo Face to face but with a “distance”o Relatively one way Examples: Lectures, CommencementOrganizational Communication:- Communication among members of organization o Deliberately designed (often large #’s people)o Formal and informal networks, rules, norms Examples: Hospitals, Churches. SchoolsMass Communication:Messages disseminated on large scale- Mediated (print or electronic)- Typically professional communicators- Less immediate feedbacko Example: TV, Radio, Movies, Books7. What are the goals and limitations of the three types of research designs discussed in lecture? Be able to justify which method would be used in a research study. Content Analysis- systematic analysis of content of communication messages- Why magazines are so sexualized?- Purposeso Describe touch type (or frequency) conent How much touch occurs?o Compare content across various locations How does touch behavior differ from country to country?o Assess image of particular group Are far eastern cultures really low-touch?- Limitationso Can only study material as it occurs (no manipulation)o No information about effectsSurvey Research- Examines what people think or do- Relies mainly on self-reports-your opinion of it- Exampleso Relationship questionnaires o Election trendso Attitude trendsLimitations of Surveys- No control - Cannot make causal conclusionso Only relationships between variablesExperimental Research- Manipulation of variableo One group gets treatment, other does not- Control of other variable- Measure effect/outcomeIssues to Consider- Goal- draw causal conclusiono Independent variable dependent variable- Need random assignmento Randomly divide participants into groupsLimitations of Experiments- Poor “external validity”o Hard to generalize beyond subjects and lab environment- Artificial setting- Limited subject population8. What is perception? What are the three steps of perception? Perception-the sensory experience of the world- Brought to you through your senseso Seeingo Hearingo Tastingo Smellingo Touching- We SELECT (stimuli that are intense, repetitious, or changing).- We ORGANIZE (expectation-based, complete sensible picture).o How things ought to go together- We INTERPRET (assign meaning unique to perceiver).o Determine relevance of it 9. What are the two types of filters associated with the perception process? Think of examples. - Perceptual- actual physical and physiological limits due to human capacity o Limits of our senseso Example: Child who grows up with a dad who verbally abuses her mother  May naturally assume that all men are this way She may never have respect for men  Most likely cause her to make very poor judgments in relationships- Psychological set- expectation based responseo Motivation or interesto Past experiences or expectationso Example:A child opens the door to a store by pulling on it. He later insists on pulling the door handle of any similar-looking door to open it, and is puzzled that some of them must be pushed instead.10. What is selective attention? What are some external factors affecting attention? Selective Attention- your ability to process certain of the stimuli available to us while filtering others out- Your attention to register sensory stimuli is limited- You choose certain aspects of the environment to pay attention to11. What is attribution? Why is it biased? Be able to explain and give examples of the biases involved.Attribution:- Definition- the process of assigning meaning to others’ behavior- We do this continuouslyo Why did my boss pass me up