BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I Metapopulations II Island diversity III Kelp forests Outline of Current Lecture I Niches a Fundamental vs realized b Effects of overlapping species II Other species interactions a Mutualism vs antagonism b Predation c Trophic levels III Populations a Definition b Factors affecting population size c Population distributions IV Ecological succession Current Lecture Species interactions communities and ecosystems Niche ecological role played by a species in its community Fundamental vs realized niche 47 2 Fundamental all the possibilities of a niche Realized smaller subsection actual niche that is realized What happens when niches overlap COMPETITION Resource competition in ecological communities Every species has a unique NICHE or set of survival requirements These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Competition occurs if they don t get this Overlapping niches interspecific competition If niche is nearly identical for two species heavy competition results Competition 47 5 Fundamental niche competition realized niche competitive exclusion Competing is a lose lose interaction ENERGY IS ALWAYS SPENT Specialization avoids competition Resource partitioning specialization into two separate niches Other species interactions table 47 1 Mutualism both organisms benefit Obligate or facultative o Obligate necessary in order to survive o Facultative can survive without the relationship Antagonistic at least one player loses more than it gains Different pressures can have significant effects on community structure 47 6 Predator prey relationships 47 9 Predation A predator attacks and consumes prey Predators can regulate prey populations and or reduce them to abundance K carrying capacity SOME ANIMALS CHEAT Keystone species 47 10 Food web 47 14 10 rule in trophic levels 47 15 Tertiary consumers rare because energy transfer is very small once it reaches this level Ecological succession communities change over time Ex Long term effects of fire on a tall grass prairie community in Kansas Disturbance to succession 47 12 Community of organisms and the physical environment it occupies Ecosystems Latitudinal diversity gradient in mammals Species diversity primary productivity Common biomes Tundra Alpine Talga Temperature coniferous forest Deciduous forest
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