BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I Osmoregulation a Osmoconformers vs Osmoregulators II Nitrogenous Waste a Varying levels of toxicity III Three stages of the excretory system IV Nephron function in the mammalian kidney V Hormones and kidney function VI Reproduction Outline of Current Lecture I Animal Diversity II Sponges III Cnidarians IV Nematocysts V Ctenophores VI Lophotrochozoans a Annelids b Mollusks VII Gastrapoda VIII Cephalopods IX Phylum Arthropoda Current Lecture What is a characteristic not exclusively found in animals Chitin found in fungi too Simple phylogeny 44 1 Symmetry in animals 44 2 Radial Bilateral These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Embryonic organization of cnidarians 44 4 and bilaterians All bilaterians are triploplastic o Protostomes mouth forms first o Deuterostomes mouth forms second or anus Anatomy of a sponge 44 6 Porifera No tissues muscles or nerve cells Sessile adults Mostly found in marine environments Spicules Phylogeny of sponges to other animals 44 7 Cnidarians 44 8 Polyp stuck to something Medusa free swimming jellyfish o True tissues ectoderm and endoderm o Unique traits Two body forms Radial symmetry Cnidocytes Hydrostatic skeleton Nematocysts 44 9 Cnidarians form colonies with individuals carrying out individual roles 44 10 Ctenophores comb jellies 44 11 150 species Lack cnidocytes Rows of cilia ctenes tenticles Lophotrochozoans protostomes 44 14 1 Annelids 44 15 a Hydrostatic skeleton b Closed circulatory systems hemoglobin 2 Mollusks a 3 main body regions i Foot ii Visceral mass iii Mantle b Radula i Scraping tongue Gastropoda snails and slugs 44 16 Largest class Visceral mass twisted 180 o Orients cavity for head Bivalvia clams oysters mussels scallops Bivalves 44 18 Cephalopods 44 17 octopus squid nauticus Other protostomes Ecdysozoa Nematoda round worms Ecdysis of tough cuticle like arthropods Phylum Arthropoda Most successful group of animals Largest number of species Jointed appendages Exoskeleton o Ecdysis molting of cuticle o Similar to nematodes Gas exchange varies Groups of arthropods 44 21 Chelicerates spiders scorpians ticks mites Arachnids Terrestrial simple eyes Most abundant non insect class Crustacea 2 3 body regions Cephalothorax or head and thorax 2 pair of antennae Myriapoda many legs Hexapods six feet insects and relatives
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