Hist 2010 1st Edition Lecture 27Outline of Last LectureI. Settlement of Texas, California, & OregonII. The Politics of Expansion: The Polk PresidencyIII. Intensifying Sectional DivisionsIV. Results of US Expansion in 1840sOutline of Current LectureIII. Intensifying Sectional DivisionsIV. Results of US Expansion in 1840sI. Northern & Southern Views on Slavery in the TerritoriesII. Moving From Compromise to Secession, 1850-1859The Politics of Expansion: Manifest Destiny & Its Consequences CONT.III. Intensifying Sectional DivisionsA. Debate Over Extension of Slavery North and South Southerners wanted the extension to be spread into new territories  Northerners were opposed, not abolitionist but didn’t want it to spreadB. Free Soilers White Northerners, means that white northerners wanted new territory to be free of slavery “free soil” They believed that opportunity for advancement was essential and such opportunities did not exist in a slave society Wanted those territories open to whites They believed in “the right to rise” improve your life an advanceC. Wilmot Proviso Proposed by Wilmot, Free Soilers  Any territory that is acquired with the Mexico war then those territories will be free soilD. Free Soil Party (1848 Election)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. It grew into a party with their own presidentIV. Results of US Expansion in 1840s1. As a result with war of Mexico we had 1,000,000 sq. miles of territory2. Many of the lower level officers are names that we will see in the nextwar: the civil war officers get a lot of military experience in the Mexican war. Generation of military officers gain experience for the next war3. SO much territory that we acquire brings the slavery issue to the forefront where it remains. MOST IMPORTANT. No easy solution.The Impending CrisisI. Northern & Southern Views on Slavery in the TerritoriesA. Northern View1. Free Soil Most white northerners regardless of political party were free soilers So they themselves and advance, not for slaves2. Slave Power Conspiracy A conspiracy consisted in the south that slaves want to spread And southerners used their power in the government to spread slavery throughout the nationB. Southern View1. Maintain Balance Believed they had to have slavery to expand Political reasons 2. Slavery’s Expansion NecessaryC. Possible Solutions1. Extend 36º 30’ Line Applied only to LA Purchase  To expand it all the way out to the Pacific (did not agree on it) Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty2. Popular Sovereignty Let the people decide Is that when people begin to move into territory let the inhabitants decide if they want to allow or prohibit slaves Looks good but fails in practiceII. Moving From Compromise to Secession, 1850-1859A. The Compromise of 18501. The Issues Deals with, 80,000+ live there becomes a …??? New Mexico, Utah needs to be organized surveyed and townships Slavery in Washington D.C., was carved out of Virginia and - had slave auctions- embarrassing “all men are created equal” 10,000 of thousands of slaves are running to the North for freedom,  Want a stronger fugitive slave law, want it ot be easier to go up north and capture their slave 1849 Ca applies for state hood , sets off a crisis 2. Henry Clay’s Proposal He proposes (comes to 1850 Compromise)1. Ca is omitted to Union as a free state2. To send the Surveyor’s out to NM and UT when lines drawn they will allow popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery3. Slavery would continue is Washington D.C.4. The slave trade is abolished: the parading of slave for auction is ended5. A stronger fugitive slave law in the south Stephen Douglas- Powerful member of senate from IL- Little Giant - He decides to take up Clay’s bill and states that he has made an mistake and divide the compromise up into little pieces of legislature and run it through congress- There is in congress a group of moderates who do want to compromise-Nashville Convention (1850)- a meeting is called in Nashville,- 9 southern delegates arrive in Nashville- Succeed or Succession (leave the Union)- Talk about the crisis and wait and see approach - Indicate that southerners are beginning to come together with similar interest and concerns- They decide note to succeed - Since they didn’t take any action it made compromise easierB. Assessing the Compromise of 18501. A True Sectional Compromise? Is it really a compromise? Not really Because they have two different sides and the moderates  Does nothing to heal the sectional division Only thing the south got out of the Compromise of 1850, was the stronger fugitive slave law2. Fugitive Slave Law in Practice Why it was considered a stronger fugitive slave law?- It allowed U.S. Marshalls to be used in the rounded up of escaped slaves- It required cities and communities to house slaves before they could move back south- The U.S. Marshall could deputize citizens to assist them to catch runaways and deputize against their will- Commissioner system if you capture a slave then bring the to court and slaves couldnt testify in court so he could be returned toslavery just because of the master said so - The court commissioner would receive more pay for the catcher than if they didn’t decide for the slave- Sick To northerners, it would make the north a hunting ground for slaves- It gave northerners to begin to oppose slavery and abolitionism begins to grow3. Personal Liberty Laws 9 states in the north Said no you cannot use public buildings And no you cannot deputize citizens Goal was to make it more difficult for southerners to reclaim runaways  Unconstitutional C. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Fictional account of slaves Uncle tom was a Christian slave  The slave law in practice and  Uncle Tom’s mater would make him whip other slaves and if he refused he was whipped to death This showed them brutality of slavery and move them into